Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
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- Predicted vitamin D levels and risk of depression in the SUN Project: A prospective cohort study(Elsevier, 2024) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Silva-Sabiao, T. (Thaís) da; Cardoso-Carraro, J.C. (Julia Cristina); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Valer-Martínez, A. (Ana); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen)The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.
- Encouraging natural ventilation to improve indoor environmental conditions at schools. Case studies in the north of Spain before and during COVID(Elsevier, 2022) Dorregaray-Oyaregui, S. (Sara); Arriazu-Ramos, A. (Ainhoa); Martin-Calvo, N. (Nerea); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora); López-Hernández, D. (Dolores); González-Martinez, P. (Purificación); Sánchez-Ostiz, A. (Ana)The COVID pandemic has strongly affected daily life both in Spanish schools and worldwide. Providing the best environmental conditions for children allowing face-to-face learning with healthy and safe indoor spaces is a challenge. In the present study, empirical research about how these environmental conditions change with COVID is presented comparing the situation from March 2020 to January 2021. The methodology combines surveys conducted in nine schools with a case study in a selected school where a detailed monitoring of the building was developed during both heating seasons. This data ana- lyzes the impact of the new COVID prevention protocols on indoor environmental conditions (especially those related to natural ventilation). Results show a mean CO2 reduction of 1,400 ppm, having in the sec- ond term values around 1,000 ppm, although temperatures diminished nearly 2 °C to mean values of 18 °C. Evolution of temperature and CO2 concentration throughout the day was also analyzed, being these indoor conditions especially important for the children with poorer health. Mechanical ventilation with heating recovery should complement natural ventilation, at least during the coldest months or hours of the day, although systems have to be carefully designed and installed to work effectively.