Facultad de Filosofía y Letras

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    Predicted vitamin D levels and risk of depression in the SUN Project: A prospective cohort study
    (Elsevier, 2024) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Pons-Izquierdo, J.J. (Juan José); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Silva-Sabiao, T. (Thaís) da; Cardoso-Carraro, J.C. (Julia Cristina); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Valer-Martínez, A. (Ana); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen)
    The current study aimed to investigate the association between predicted vitamin D status and depression in a prospective Spanish cohort of university graduates. The SUN Project is a dynamic cohort study designed to investigate multiple aspects of health and lifestyle. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 556 items, that included a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants initially free of depression were classified as incident cases if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression during follow-up. Serum vitamin D levels were predicted by a previously validated equation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We included 15,175 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.9 year (11.5)] followed-up for a median of 12.7 years. Among 192,976 person-years of follow-up, we identified 753 incident cases of depression. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a 27% higher risk of depression as compared to those with vitamin D sufficiency (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09–1.48; p = 0.002) after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, a significant effect modification by female sex was observed with higher depression risks associated with vitamin D deficiency in women than in men (p for interaction = 0.034). In educated middle-aged Spanish adults, we observed a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of depression, that was stronger among women.
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    Encouraging natural ventilation to improve indoor environmental conditions at schools. Case studies in the north of Spain before and during COVID
    (Elsevier, 2022) Dorregaray-Oyaregui, S. (Sara); Arriazu-Ramos, A. (Ainhoa); Martin-Calvo, N. (Nerea); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Monge-Barrio, A. (Aurora); López-Hernández, D. (Dolores); González-Martinez, P. (Purificación); Sánchez-Ostiz, A. (Ana)
    The COVID pandemic has strongly affected daily life both in Spanish schools and worldwide. Providing the best environmental conditions for children allowing face-to-face learning with healthy and safe indoor spaces is a challenge. In the present study, empirical research about how these environmental conditions change with COVID is presented comparing the situation from March 2020 to January 2021. The methodology combines surveys conducted in nine schools with a case study in a selected school where a detailed monitoring of the building was developed during both heating seasons. This data ana- lyzes the impact of the new COVID prevention protocols on indoor environmental conditions (especially those related to natural ventilation). Results show a mean CO2 reduction of 1,400 ppm, having in the sec- ond term values around 1,000 ppm, although temperatures diminished nearly 2 °C to mean values of 18 °C. Evolution of temperature and CO2 concentration throughout the day was also analyzed, being these indoor conditions especially important for the children with poorer health. Mechanical ventilation with heating recovery should complement natural ventilation, at least during the coldest months or hours of the day, although systems have to be carefully designed and installed to work effectively.
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    Informed choice in family planning: what do women want to know?
    (Elsevier, 2015) Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)
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    Familia, amigos y otras fuentes de información asociadas al inicio de las relaciones sexuales en adolescentes de El Salvador
    (2012-01) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Calatrava, M. (María)
    Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar cómo influyen en el inicio de la actividad sexual de los jóvenes salvadoreños los mensajes que reciben sobre cuestiones de sexualidad, afectividad y ocio a través de la familia, los amigos y los medios de comunicación. Métodos. Estudio transversal a partir de una muestra representativa de 2 615 estudiantes (de 13 a 19 años) de El Salvador. Se utilizó un muestreo sistemático aleatorio para seleccionar 30 colegios. Se recogieron aspectos sociodemográficos, estilos de vida y fuentes de información sobre sexualidad y amor utilizadas por los jóvenes. Resultados. La edad media de los jóvenes fue de 15 años (DE = 1,8). En total 638 (24,4%) jóvenes afirmaron haber tenido relaciones sexuales. Los siguientes factores se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de haber tenido relaciones sexuales: percibir que los hermanos (OR = 1,8, IC 95%: 1,2–2,7) o los amigos (OR = 1,7, IC 95%: 1,3–2,2) apoyan que se tengan relaciones sexuales. Como factores protectores se encontraron la supervisión de los padres (OR = 0,5, IC 95%: 0,4–0,7); recibir mensajes que apoyan la abstinencia por parte de amigos (OR = 0,7, IC 95%: 0,6–1,0) o hermanos (OR = 0,7, IC 95%: 0,5–0,8) y recibir mensajes favorables al matrimonio por parte de los padres (OR = 0,4, IC 95%: 0,3–0,6). Conclusiones. Los mensajes de la familia y amigos son factores que parecen influir en el inicio de las relaciones sexuales de los jóvenes. Los programas de promoción de la salud sexual en El Salvador deberían tener en cuenta estos factores.
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    Reseñas 27/3 (1994)
    (1994) Sison, A.J. (Alejo José); Pardo, A. (Antonio); Martínez-Colín, J. (José); Sellés-Dauder, J.F. (Juan Fernando); Bastons, M. (Miquel); González, M. (Mónica); Arnau, P. (Pau); Nubiola, J. (Jaime); Barrena, S. F. (Sara F.); Martínez, C. (Consuelo); Santamaría-Egurrola, F. B. (Francisco de Borja); Zorroza-Huarte, M.I. (María Idoya); Pastor, J. (Josemaría); Gordillo, L. (Lourdes); Soto-Bruna, M.J. (María Jesús)
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    Reseñas 28/1 (1995)
    (1995) González, A.M. (Ana Marta); Pardo, A. (Antonio); Riaza, C. (Carmen); Arnau, P. (Pau); Nubiola, J. (Jaime); Martínez-Priego, C. (Consuelo); Fontán-del-Junco, M. (Manuel); Zorroza-Huarte, M.I. (María Idoya); Mateos, A. (Ana); Montequi, J.M. (J.M.); Quesada-Molina, M.P. (María Paz); Hervás, M. (Mar); Soto-Bruna, M.J. (María Jesús); Llamas-Sáiz, C. (Carmen)
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    Reseñas 28/3 (1995)
    (1995) Pardo, A. (Antonio); Baños, M.J. (María José); Sellés-Dauder, J.F. (Juan Fernando); Ortiz-de-Landázuri, C. (Carlos); Sanz, V. (Victor); Arregui, J.V. (Jorge Vicente); García-Valdecasas, M. (Miguel); Anrubia, E. (Enrique); Flamarique-Zaratiegui, L. (Lourdes); Redito, B. (Benedict); Zorroza-Huarte, M.I. (María Idoya); Mateos, A. (Ana); Zúñica, I. (Isabel); Soto-Bruna, M.J. (María Jesús)
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    Reseñas 29/2 (1996)
    (1996) Pardo, A. (Antonio); Ortiz-de-Landázuri, C. (Carlos); Cruz-Ortiz-de-Landázuri, L. M. (Luis María); García-Cuadrado, J.A. (José Ángel)
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    Reseñas 29/1 (1996)
    (1996) Pardo, A. (Antonio); Arizaleta, D. (David); Sellés-Dauder, J.F. (Juan Fernando); Fernández-García, M.S. (Mª Socorro); Ortiz-de-Landázuri, C. (Carlos); Sanz, V. (Victor); Armendáriz-Moreno, D. (David); Zorroza-Huarte, M.I. (María Idoya); Pérez-Ilzarbe, P. (Paloma); García, J.A. (Juan Alonso); Polanco, M.A. (Moris A.)
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    First sexual intercourse and subsequent regret in three developing countries
    (2012-03) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)
    Purpose: Adolescents who engage in sex can be affected by a range of negative physical and psychological consequences. We intend to analyze the reasons behind first sex, regret, and the association between reasons and regret. Methods: A questionnaire was implemented to 8495 high schools students, aged 14-18, in the Philippines, El Salvador and Peru. Sexually active participants responded whether several circumstances were reasons involved in their first sexual relationship. They also responded whether they regretted having already had sexual relationships. Results: More than a third of respondents reported at least one external pressure leading to first sex, and about half reported at least one reason implying getting carried away by sexual arousal. More females affirmed they regret having already had sex. Logistic regression shows that reasons for first sex associated with regret were partner insistence, "uncontrolled situations" and seeing sexual images. These reasons were associated with regret even when love was also reported as related to first sex. Conclusions: Adolescent sexual experience is often motivated by pressure and circumstances that lower the control over their decisions concerning sex, such as external pressure (because most friends already had sex or because of partner insistence) or getting carried away by sexual arousal (through an "uncontrolled situation" or viewing sexual images) rather than by mature decisions, and this may result in later regret. Adolescents should be helped by parents, educators and policy makers to be aware of these characteristics of adolescent sex and empowered to make assertive and informed decisions concerning their sexuality.