Immunochromatographic Brucella-specific immunoglobulin M and G lateral flow assays for rapid serodiagnosis of human brucellosis

Abstract

To fulfill the need for a simple and rapid diagnostic test for human brucellosis, we used the immunochromatographic lateral flow assay format to develop two assays, one for the detection of Brucella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and one for the detection of Brucella-specific IgG antibodies. The diagnostic values of these tests were examined. The tests are shown to detect acute, persistent, and relapsing disease and can be used to monitor treatment. The sensitivity of Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays calculated for the combined assay results is 96%, and specificity amounts to 99%. The flow assay requires neither specialized training nor equipment, the assay is very easy to perform and to read, and the components are stable without a requirement for refrigeration and well standardized. Together these characteristics indicate that the Brucella IgM and IgG flow assays are ideal for use in clinical settings in rural and suburban areas in which brucellosis is endemic.