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- Vitamin D and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the SUN project: a prospective cohort study(Springer Nature, 2024) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Valer-Martínez, A. (Ana); Basterra-Gortari, F.J. (Francisco Javier); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen)Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with multiple chronic diseases, including metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the study was to analyze the association between validated predicted serum vitamin D status and the risk of developing T2D in a large prospective cohort based on a Mediterranean population. Methods: The SUN project is a prospective and dynamic Spanish cohort that gathers university graduates who have answered lifestyle questionnaires, including a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. The association between predicted serum vitamin D and the risk of T2D was assessed through Cox regression models according to quartiles (Q) of predicted vitamin D at baseline. The models were adjusted for potential confounders and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of our findings. Results: Our study included a total of 18,594 participants and after a total follow-up of 238,078 person-years (median follow-up of 13.5 years), 209 individuals were diagnosed with incident T2D. We found a significant inverse association between predicted levels of serum vitamin D and the risk of developing T2D, after adjusting for potential confounders and performing different sensitivity analyses (hazard ratio Q4 vs. Q1: 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.88; p for trend = 0.032). Conclusion: The outcomes suggest that higher levels of vitamin D at baseline may be associated with a reduced risk of developing T2D.
- Association of monetary diet cost of foods and diet quality in Spanish older adults(Frontiers, 2023) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Riquelme-Gallego, B. (Blanca); Pastor, R. (Rosario); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Romero-Secin, A. (Anny); Lapetra, J. (José); Bouzas, C. (Cristina); Schröder, H. (Helmut); López-Miranda, J. (José); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Abete, I. (Itziar); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Monserrat-Mesquida, M. (Margalida); Garcia, S. (Silvia); Garcia-Arellano, A. (Ana)Background: A major barrier to a healthy diet may be the higher price of healthy foods compared to low-quality foods. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between the monetary cost of food and diet quality in Spanish older adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in Spanish older adults (n = 6,838; 48.6% female). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Metabolic syndrome severity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), adherence to a provegetarian dietary pattern, and dietary inflammatory index were assessed. The economic cost of the foods was obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food database (2015–2017, the period of time when the participants were recruited). The total cost of diet adjusted per 1,000 kcal was computed. Results: The healthier dietary pattern was associated with a higher cost of the diet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet, anti-inflammatory diet, and the healthy version of the provegetarian dietary pattern were related to higher costs of the diet. Conclusion: Higher diet quality was associated with a higher dietary cost of the diet per 1,000 kcal/day. Food prices can be an important component of interventions and policies aimed at improving people's diets and preventing diet-related chronic diseases.
- Urinary resveratrol metabolites output: Differential associations with cardiometabolic markers and liver enzymes in house-dwelling subjects featuring metabolic syndrome(MDPI AG, 2020) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Rodriguez-Mateos, A. (Ana); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Sánchez, V.M. (Vicente Martín); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Xu, Y. (Yifan); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Diaz-Lopez, A. (Andres); Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (Rosa Maria); Almanza-Aguilera, E. (Enrique); Abete, I. (Itziar); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen); Bullón-Vela, M. V. (María Vanessa)Metabolic syndrome (MetS) components are strongly associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Several studies have supported that resveratrol is associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on health status. The main objective of this study was to assess the putative associations between some urinary resveratrol phase II metabolites, cardiometabolic, and liver markers in individuals diagnosed with MetS. In this cross-sectional study, 266 participants from PREDIMED Plus study (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) were divided into tertiles of total urinary resveratrol phase II metabolites (sum of five resveratrol conjugation metabolites). Urinary resveratrol metabolites were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-q-Q MS), followed by micro-solid phase extraction (µ-SPE) method. Liver function markers were assessed using serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Moreover, lipid profile was measured by triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (total cholesterol/HDL). Linear regression adjusted models showed that participants with higher total urine resveratrol concentrations exhibited improved lipid and liver markers compared to the lowest tertile. For lipid determinations: log triglycerides (βT3 = −0.15, 95% CI; −0.28, −0.02, p-trend = 0.030), VLDL-c, (βT3 = −4.21, 95% CI; −7.97, −0.46, p-trend = 0.039), total cholesterol/HDL ratio Moreover, (βT3 = −0.35, 95% CI; −0.66, −0.03, p-trend = 0.241). For liver enzymes: log AST (βT3 = −0.12, 95% CI; −0.22, −0.02, p-trend = 0.011, and log GGT (βT3 = −0.24, 95% CI; −0.42, −0.06, p-trend = 0.002). However, there is no difference found on glucose variables between groups. To investigate the risk of elevated serum liver markers, flexible regression models indicated that total urine resveratrol metabolites were associated with a lower risk of higher ALT (169.2 to 1314.3 nmol/g creatinine), AST (599.9 to 893.8 nmol/g creatinine), and GGT levels (169.2 to 893.8 nmol/g creatinine). These results suggested that higher urinary concentrations of some resveratrol metabolites might be associated with better lipid profile and hepatic serum enzymes. Moreover, urinary resveratrol excreted showed a reduced odds ratio for higher liver enzymes, which are linked to NAFLD.
- Physical fitness and physical activity association with cognitive function and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial(Springer Nature, 2020) Buil-Cosiales, P. (Pilar); Colmenarejo, G. (Gonzalo); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Micó-Pérez, R.M. (Rafael Manuel); Galilea-Zabalza, I. (Iñigo); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Torre, R. (Rafael) de la; Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Lapetra, J. (José); Paz-Graniel, I. (Indira); Schröder, H. (Helmut); López-Miranda, J. (José); Galdon, A. (Alba); Galmes-Panades, A.M. (Aina M.); Matia, P. (Pilar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ordovas, J.M. (Jose Manuel); Micó, V. (Victor); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Vazquez-Ruiz, Z. (Zenaida); Diaz-Lopez, A. (Andres); Gaforio, J.J. (José Juan); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Cano-Ibañez, N. (Naomi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Cuenca-Royo, A. (Aida); Gisbert-Sellés, C. (Cristina)Physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to be effective to maintaining cognitive function and delay cognitive decline in the elderly, but physical fitness (PF) could be a better predictor of cognitive function. We aimed to study the association between PA and PF with cognitive function and quality of life using cross-sectional data from 6874 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus trial (64.9 ± 4.9 years, 48.5% female). PF and PA were measured with a Chair Stand Test, the REGICOR and Rapid Assessment Physical Activity questionnaires. Cognitive function was measured with Mini-mental State Examination, Control Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span tests; whereas health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF36-HRQL test. Cognitive and quality of life scores were compared among PF quartiles and PA levels (low, moderate and high) with ANCOVA and with Chair Stand repetitions and energy expenditure from total PA with multivariable linear regression adjusted for confounding factors. PF associated with higher scores in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests and with lower TMT A time. However, PA was not associated with the neurocognitive parameters evaluated. Both PF and PA levels were strongly associated with a better quality of life. We concluded that PF, but not PA, is associated with a better cognitive function. This trial was retrospectively registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870?q=ISRCTN89898870&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search) on 07/24/2014.
- Dietary Quality Changes According to the Preceding Maximum Weight: A Longitudinal Analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Trial(2020) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Micó-Pérez, R.M. (Rafael Manuel); Gimenez-Alba, I.M. (Ignacio Manuel); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Becerra-Tomas, N. (Nerea); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Lapetra, J. (José); Bouzas, C. (Cristina); Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (Aurora); Schröder, H. (Helmut); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Ros, E. (Emilio); Bibiloni, M.M. (Maria del Mar); Ortíz-Ramos, M. (María); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Altés-Boronat, A. (Andreu); Luca, B.L. (Bogdana L.); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen); Garcia, S. (Silvia); Mateos, D. (David)One-year dietary quality change according to the preceding maximum weight in a lifestyle intervention program (PREDIMED-Plus trial, 55–75-year-old overweight or obese adults; n = 5695) was assessed. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. A total of 3 groups were made according to the difference between baseline measured weight and lifetime maximum reported weight: (a) participants entering the study at their maximum weight, (b) moderate weight loss maintainers (WLM), and (c) large WLM. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model. All participants improved average lifestyle. Participants entering the study at their maximum weight were the most susceptible to improve significantly their dietary quality, assessed by adherence to Mediterranean diet, DII and both healthful and unhealthful provegetarian patterns. People at maximum weight are the most benefitted in the short term by a weight management program. Long term weight loss efforts may also reduce the effect of a weight management program.
- Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study(2020) Fernandez-Garcia, J.C. (José C.); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Micó-Pérez, R.M. (Rafael Manuel); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Gallardo-Alfaro, L. (Laura); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Becerra-Tomas, N. (Nerea); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Lapetra, J. (José); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (Aurora); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Fernández-Lázaro, C.I. (César I.); Bibiloni, M.M. (Maria del Mar); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Gaforio, J.J. (José Juan); Montemayor, S. (Sofía); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Mascaró, C.M. (Catalina M.); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi)Healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to report main lifestyle components and related factors according to the MetS severity. Cross-sectional analysis was done of baseline lifestyle factors from 5739 participants with overweight/obesity and MetS features (aged 55–75 years) included in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Participants were categorized in tertiles according to a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, as well as a Dietary Inflammatory Index and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were measured. Diet quality was assessed using a 17-item energy-restricted MD questionnaire. Duration and intensity of PA was self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sedentary behaviours were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses’ Health Study questionnaire. The 30 s chair stand test was also assessed. Participants with highest MetSSS showed higher values of cardiovascular risk factors (except for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), depression risk, sedentary and TV viewing time, and lower moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Highest MetSSS participants tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and tended to lower MD adherence. In addition, they showed lower carbohydrate and nut intake and higher intake of protein, saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, iodine, sodium, red and processed meat products, other oils different from olive oil and spirit alcoholic drinks. The highest MetS severity score was associated with lower moderate and vigorous LTPA and higher sedentary time and depression risk, as they tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and lower MD adherence.
- Dietary polyphenol Intake is associated with HDL-Cholesterol and a better profile of other components of the metabolic syndrome: a PREDIMED-Plus sub-study(MDPI, 2020) Buil-Cosiales, P. (Pilar); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Martin-Calvo, N. (Nerea); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Tresserra-Rimbau, A. (Anna); Lapetra, J. (José); Rubín-García, M. (María); Castro-Barquero, S. (Sara); Vitelli-Storelli, F. (Facundo); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Doménech, M. (Mónica); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi)Dietary polyphenol intake is associated with improvement of metabolic disturbances. The aims of the present study are to describe dietary polyphenol intake in a population with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to examine the association between polyphenol intake and the components of MetS. This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 men and women included in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea-Plus) study. The polyphenol content of foods was estimated from the Phenol-Explorer 3.6 database. The mean of total polyphenol intake was 846 ± 318 mg/day. Except for stilbenes, women had higher polyphenol intake than men. Total polyphenol intake was higher in older participants (>70 years of age) compared to their younger counterparts. Participants with body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 reported lower total polyphenol, flavonoid, and stilbene intake than those with lower BMI. Total polyphenol intake was not associated with a better profile concerning MetS components, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), although stilbenes, lignans, and other polyphenols showed an inverse association with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides. A direct association with HDL-c was found for all subclasses except lignans and phenolic acids. To conclude, in participants with MetS, higher intake of several polyphenol subclasses was associated with a better profile of MetS components, especially HDL-c.
- Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial(2023) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Oncina-Canovas, A. (Alejandro); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); González-Palacios, S. (Sandra); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Atzeni, A. (Alessandro); García-Hera, M. (Manuela) de la; Tojal-Sierra, L. (Lucas); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Palau, A. (Antoni); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Compañ-Gabucio, L. (Laura); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Malcampo, M. (Mireia); Barón-López, F.J. (F. Javier); Garcidueñas-Fimbres, T.E. (Tany E.); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Gómez-Perez, A.M. (Ana María); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Lapetra, J. (José); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Schröder, H. (Helmut); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Perez-Vega, K.A. (Karla Alejandra); Casas, R. (Rosa); Ros, E. (Emili); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Saiz, C. (Carmen); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Basterra-Gortari, F.J. (Francisco Javier); Zomeño-Fajardo, M.D. (Maria Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Pena-Orihuela, P.J. (Patricia J.); Cano-Ibañez, N. (Naomi); Garrido-Garrido, E.M. (Eva M.); Torres-Collado, L. (Laura); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.)Background and aims: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and car-diometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.Methods: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55-75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6-and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables.Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF con-sumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, & beta; = 1.09; 95% confidence in-terval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m2, & beta; = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, & beta; = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, & beta; = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, & beta; = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, & beta; = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, & beta; = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (& beta; = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08).Conclusions: Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.
- An energy-reduced mediterranean diet, physical activity, and body composition: An interim subgroup snalysis of the PREDIMED-Plus randomized clinical trial(JAMA, 2023) Babio, N. (Nancy); Buil-Cosiales, P. (Pilar); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Marcos-Delgado, A. (Alba); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Hu, F.B. (Frank B.); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Olbeyra, R. (Romina); García-Gavilán, J.F. (Jesús F.); Moñino, M. (Manuel); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Galmes-Panades, A.M. (Aina M.); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Casas, R. (Rosa); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Abete, I. (Itziar); Vidal, J. (Josep); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi)Importance: Strategies targeting body composition may help prevent chronic diseases in persons with excess weight, but randomized clinical trials evaluating lifestyle interventions have rarely reported effects on directly quantified body composition. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a lifestyle weight-loss intervention on changes in overall and regional body composition. Design, setting, and participants: The ongoing Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) randomized clinical trial is designed to test the effect of the intervention on cardiovascular disease prevention after 8 years of follow-up. The trial is being conducted in 23 Spanish research centers and includes men and women (age 55-75 years) with body mass index between 27 and 40 and metabolic syndrome. The trial reported herein is an interim subgroup analysis of the intermediate outcome body composition after 3-year follow-up, and data analysis was conducted from February 1 to November 30, 2022. Of 6874 total PREDIMED-Plus participants, a subsample of 1521 individuals, coming from centers with access to a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry device, underwent body composition measurements at 3 time points. Intervention: Participants were randomly allocated to a multifactorial intervention based on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and increased physical activity (PA) or to a control group based on usual care, with advice to follow an ad libitum MedDiet, but no physical activity promotion. Main outcomes and measures: The outcomes (continuous) were 3-year changes in total fat and lean mass (expressed as percentages of body mass) and visceral fat (in grams), tested using multivariable linear mixed-effects models. Clinical relevance of changes in body components (dichotomous) was assessed based on 5% or more improvements in baseline values, using logistic regression. Main analyses were performed in the evaluable population (completers only) and in sensitivity analyses, multiple imputation was performed to include data of participants lost to follow-up (intention-to-treat analyses). Results: A total of 1521 individuals were included (mean [SD] age, 65.3 [5.0] years; 52.1% men). In comparison with the control group (n=761), participants in the intervention arm (n=760) showed greater reductions in the percentage of total fat (between group differences after 1-year, -0.94% [95% CI, -1.19 to -0.69]; 3 years, -0.38% [95% CI, -0.64 to -0.12] and visceral fat storage after 1 year, -126 g [95% CI, -179 to -73.3 g]; 3 years, -70.4 g [95% CI, -126 to -15.2 g] and greater increases in the percentage of total lean mass at 1 year, 0.88% [95% CI, 0.63%-1.12%]; 3-years 0.34% [95% CI, 0.09%-0.60%]). The intervention group was more likely to show improvements of 5% or more in baseline body components (absolute risk reduction after 1 year, 13% for total fat mass, 11% for total lean mass, and 14% for visceral fat mass; after 3-years: 6% for total fat mass, 6% for total lean mass, and 8% for visceral fat mass). The number of participants needed to treat was between 12 and 17 to attain at least 1 individual with possibly clinically meaningful improvements in body composition. Conclusions and relevance: The findings of this trial suggest a weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity significantly reduced total and visceral fat and attenuated age-related losses of lean mass in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Continued follow-up is warranted to confirm the long-term consequences of these changes on cardiovascular clinical end points.
- Relationship between olive oil consumption and ankle-brachial pressure index in a population at high cardiovascular risk(Elsevier, 2020) Babio, N. (Nancy); Buil-Cosiales, P. (Pilar); Fernandez-Garcia, J.C. (José C.); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); González-Palacios, S. (Sandra); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Barragan, R. (Rocío); Lloret-Macián, R. (Rosario); Crespo-Oliva, E. (Edelys); Ríos, A. (A.); Canudas, Silvia (S.); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vaquero-Luna, J. (Jessica); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Rodríguez-Carvajal, R. (Rubén); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Martinez-Lacruz, R. (Raul); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Hernandez-Alonso, P. (Pablo); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Muñoz-Martínez, J. (Júlia); Lapetra, J. (José); Díaz-González, V. (Vanessa); Peis, J.I. (José Ignacio); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Sánchez-Quesada, C. (Cristina); Ramos-Ballesta, M.I. (Maria Isabel); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Perez-Vega, K.A. (Karla Alejandra); Casas, R. (Rosa); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Gaforio, J.J. (José Juan); Santos-Lozano, J.M. (José M.); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Zomeño-Fajardo, M.D. (Maria Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Ripoll-Vera, T. (Tomás); Gonzalez-Mata, G. (Guadalupe); Cano-Ibañez, N. (Naomi); Galera, A. (Ana); Moreno-Rodríguez, A. (Anai); López, M. (Meritxell)The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the consumption of different categories of edible olive oils (virgin olive oils and olive oil) and olive pomace oil and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) in participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study, a trial of lifestyle modification for weight and cardiovascular event reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Consumption of any category of olive oil and olive pomace oil was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between olive oil consumption and ABI. Additionally, ABI ≤1 was considered as the outcome in logistic models with different categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil as exposure. Results: Among 4330 participants, the highest quintile of total olive oil consumption (sum of all categories of olive oil and olive pomace oil) was associated with higher mean values of ABI (beta coefficient: 0.014, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.027) (p for trend = 0.010). Logistic models comparing the consumption of different categories of olive oils, olive pomace oil and ABI ≤1 values revealed an inverse association between virgin olive oils consumption and the likelihood of a low ABI (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI [0.56, 0.97]), while consumption of olive pomace oil was positively associated with a low ABI (OR 1.22 95% CI [1.00, 1.48]). Conclusions: In a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk, total olive oil consumption was associated with a higher mean ABI. These results suggest that olive oil consumption may be beneficial for peripheral artery disease prevention, but longitudinal studies are needed.