Depósito Académico
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Results
- Estudio de la flora vascular y la micobiota micorrícica en quemados truferos de Navarra (España)(Comunità Montana dei Monti Martani Serano e Subasio, 2010) Cavero-Remon, R.Y. (Rita Yolanda); Gonzalez-Armada, M. (MB); Miguel-Velasco, A.M. (Ana Maria) deIn spite of the continuous advances in trufficulture there are still many questions about truffle growing, hence the big importance of studying the characteristics of the environment in which it best develops. In this study we have analysed the main ecological characteristics of the vascular flora growing in 24 holm oak brûles. This flora is special, very influenced by the alelopatic substances produced by the mycelium of the fungus, modifying the composition and the characteristics of the flora. As a result, plants grow smaller and with a lower covering. Sometimes they even present changes in their life-cycle. Therophytes typical of disturbed areas are dominant in plantations. Xerophile plants are also common. Besides, the species found in truffiers are proper of shaken, removed and generally sunny, dry and stony places, and many of them weeds. This corroborates the fact that the brûle is a very disturbed environment, both by fungus mycelium as by human intervention. On the other hand, monitoring the mycorrhizae is very important in truffle growing since it allows us to know if the plantations are properly developing or if truffle mycorrhizae have been replaced by other competing fungi. That is why we have carried out a below-ground study of the mycorrhizae appearing in the roots of the same holm-oaks, to check the presence of truffle mycorrhizae and to know if other mycorrhizal fungi are colonizing the roots.
- Actividad trufícola navarra. Cuestiones sin respuesta(Comunità Montana dei Monti Martani Serano e Subasio, 2010) Saez, R. (Raimundo); Miguel-Velasco, A.M. (Ana Maria) deIn Navarra, first plantations were carried out in 1989. The ignorance about truffle and trufficulture was total. Almost everything about truffle was unknown, almost even its existence, but as a consequence of the permanent search for new crops that contribute to diversify and improve agricultural productions of the region, it was decided with great interest to carry out the first plantations, and find information, mainly in France and Italy. Twenty years have passed. Technical and scientific advances have taken place but there are still many doubts. The expectations raised at first have not been reached in many cases. In spite of that, trufficulture is a reality, that covers important areas in those zones suitable for truffle growing, both in Navarra and in Spain, and it is still increasing. In Navarra, with the experience acquired, a few points can be made: • Mycorrhized plant production has evolve positively in Spain, which guarantees one of the most important factors in the reasonable trufficulture, together with land selection, climate or cultivation techniques. • The soil: lands selected for new plantations suit truffle needs. They are bigger plots, which is favourable to the correct management of plantation. • Irrigation: in new trufficulture the irrigation studies and practice have become very necessary. The experimentation in this subject is necessary to cover crop needs. • Spreading and training: promoting trufficulture as a diversification alternative in rural areas has been the aim reached through courses, trips, conferences, festivals, commercial exhibitions, competitions…, which has culminated with the creation of the first Truffle Museum in Spain.
- Assessment of nutritional and quality properties of leaves and musts in three local spanish grapevine varieties undergoing controlled climate change scenarios(2021-06-11) Gogorcena, Y. (Yolanda); Pascual, I. (Inmaculada); Jiménez, L. (Leire); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen); Prieto, E. (Eduardo); Irigoyen, J.J. (Juan Jose)The market demand together with the need for alternatives to withstand climate change led to the recovery of autochthonous grapevine varieties. Under climate change, the summer pruning of vineyards may lead to an increase of vegetative residuals of nutritional and medicinal interest. The objectives of our study were (1) to evaluate the nutritional properties of the leaves of three local Spanish grapevines (Tinto Velasco, TV, Pasera, PAS, and Ambrosina, AMB) when grown under climate change conditions, and (2) to test the potentiality of these grapevines as suitable candidates to be cultivated under climate change scenarios based on the quality of their must. Experimental assays were performed with fruit-bearing cuttings grown in temperature gradient greenhouses that simulate rising CO2 (700 µmol mol−1 ) and warming (ambient temperature +4 ◦C), either acting alone or in combination. TV and AMB were the most and the least affected by air temperature and CO2 concentration, respectively. The interaction of elevated CO2 with high temperature induced the accumulation of proteins and phenolic compounds in leaves of TV, thus enhancing their nutritional properties. In PAS, the negative effect of high temperature on protein contents was compensated for by elevated CO2 . Warming was the most threatening scenario for maintaining the must quality in the three varieties, but elevated CO2 exerted a beneficial effect when acting alone and compensated for the negative effects of high temperatures. While TV may be a candidate to be cultivated in not very warm areas (higher altitudes or colder latitudes), PAS behaved as the most stable genotype under different environmental scenarios, making it the most versatile candidate for cultivation in areas affected by climate change.
- The exploitation of local vitis vinifera L. biodiversity as a valuable tool to cope with climate change maintaining berry quality(2020-12-31) Toledo, M. (María); Pascual, I. (Inmaculada); Goicoechea, N. (Nieves); Antolin-Bellver, M.C. (M. Carmen); Irigoyen, J.J. (Juan Jose)The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 ◦C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.
- Global trends in research output by zoos and aquariums(Wiley, 2021) Galicia-Paredes, D. (David); Pino-del-Carpio, A. (Andrea); Miranda-Ferreiro, R. (Rafael); Ariño-Plana, A.H. (Arturo Hugo); Escribano-Compains, N. (Nora)Zoos and aquaria, often regarded as preservation-cum-entertainment enterprises, are also actors in the effort to curb the biodiversity crisis: raising awareness, supporting conservation, and conducting research. We assessed trends in zoo and aquaria research topics and study organisms over time worldwide. For the zoos and aquaria registered in the Species360’s Zoological Information Management System and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, we compiled metadata on their research published in the peerreviewed literature indexed in Scopus and carried out a keyword frequency analysis. The production of scientific papers by zoos increased at a much faster rate than the average accrual of scientific papers in the literature. Evolution of research themes ran parallel to that of biological sciences (e.g., development of molecular genetics or increased awareness about conservation). The focus of 48.5% of zoo-led research was on vertebrates, of which mammal research was 33.7%. Whether zoos are effectively contributing to conservation may still be debatable, but our results highlight their institutional efforts to increase knowledge about the species in their care.
- Fitoseidos (Acari: Phytoseiidae) en maíz y en vegetación de ribazo en Navarra. Densidades y composición de especies(Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente: Centro de Publicaciones Agrarias, Pesqueras y Alimentarias, 1997) Moraza-Zorrilla, M.L. (Maria Lourdes); Biurrun, R. (Ricardo); Iraola-Calvo, V. M. (V. M.); Ferragut, F. (F.)En el presente trabajo se da cuenta de las especies de fitoseidos encontradas sobre Tetranychus turkestani en el cultivo de maíz y en la vegetación de ribazo durante los años 1992 a 1994 en Navarra. En total se han encontrado quince especies de fitoseidos, siendo la más abundante y frecuente en maíz Amblyseius californicus (McGregor) siendo también muy frecuente en plantas espontaneas. Del resto de las especies destacan Euseius stipulates (A.-H.) en maíz y Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) en maíz y en ribazo. Se ha determinado la presencia a lo largo del período del cultivo de las diversas especies y las densidades de fitoseidos por especie vegetal, destacando en este caso el alto valor que alcanza el maíz. Asimismo se ha observado la diferente composición de la fauna de fitoseidos en los cuatro habitats implicados: planta de maíz, restos de la cosecha anterior, gramíneas y otras especies de ribazo.
- Acariosis del maíz en Navarra. Ecología de Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov y Nikolski(Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente: Centro de Publicaciones Agrarias, Pesqueras y Alimentarias, 1998) Moraza-Zorrilla, M.L. (Maria Lourdes); Biurrun, R. (Ricardo); Iraola-Calvo, V. M. (V. M.)Se ha estudiado el comportamiento ecológico de las poblaciones de Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov y Nikolski, tetraniquido fitófago que ataca al maíz en Navarra. Esta especie, que puede pasar el invierno en forma de hembra diapausica, comienza su actividad sobre la vegetación espontánea del borde de las parcelas de maíz a partir del mes de Marzo (temperatura media 13 °C). Desde esta vegetación, se desplaza a las hojas inferiores de las plantas de maíz del borde de la parcela a partir del mes de Junio, dependiendo del clima y de la existencia o no de vegetación de ribazo. A partir de ese momento, los ácaros siguen una doble dirección: hacia arriba, colonizando la planta y hacia los lados, colonizando las plantas vecinas. El estado fisiológico de la planta de maíz incide acusadamente en esta colonización. La semana previa y durante el estado de floración masculina, el crecimiento de T. turkestani se ve favorecido, produciéndose la colonización total de la planta por un lado, y de la parcela por otro. Las poblaciones de tetraníquidos se ven afectadas por: el estado fisiológico del maíz, el clima (temperaturas elevadas y humedad relativa baja les favorecen) y los enemigos naturales (especialmente los ácaros fitoseidos) que controlan sus poblaciones.
- Método de muestreo secuencial-enumerativo y binomial para Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) (Acari: Eriophyidae)(Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente. Centro de Publicaciones Agrarias, Pesqueras y Alimentarias, 1996) Moraza-Zorrilla, M.L. (Maria Lourdes); Perez-Moreno, I. (Ignacio)El eriófído Calepitrimerus vitis (Nal.) es la especie responsable de la afección conocida como acariosis de la vid. En Rioja, esta plaga puede provocar importantes pérdidas, sobre todo en aquellos años cuyas primaveras son frías. Se ha desarrollado un método de muestreo secuencial-enumerativo y un método de muestreo binomial para estimar la densidad poblacional de este acaro. Con el propósito de caracterizar la distribución espacial de C. vitis se han calculado los índices de agregación de Taylor e Iwao, comprobando que el ajuste es mejor para los índices de Taylor, siendo b=l,79. En el muestreo enumerativo se han obtenido las curvas que relacionan la densidad poblacional del erió- fído con el tamaño de la muestra, con una precisión E=0,25, basánsose en los índices de Taylor encontrados. El muestreo binomial para la estimación de la densidad poblacional se ha desarrollado en base a obtener la relación existente entre el número de ácaros por hoja y el porcentaje de hojas ocupadas.
- Observations on homologies of idiosomal setae in Zerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), with modified notation for some posterior body setae(Acarologia, 1999) Moraza-Zorrilla, M.L. (Maria Lourdes); Lindquist, E.E. (Evert E.)The holotrichous condition for the idiosomal chaetotaxy of Zerconidae is reviewed. Using ontogenetic patterns of body setation of holotrichous taxa in other families of Gamasina for comparison, the homologies and notation for some of the podonotal and opisthosomal setae of zerconid mites are changed. These modifications lead to new interpretation of some of the apomorphic attributes used to characterize the family Zerconidae and superfamily Zerconoidea. The caudodorsal displacement of a pair of opisthogastric setae, JV5, so as to appear to be captured by the opisthonotal shield in deutonymphs and adults, is seen to be a unique characteristic of Zerconoidea. The caudal coalescence of the opisthonotal and opisthogastric shields, and the anterior displacement of setae J5 to a nearly transverse alignment with setae 24 well ahead of the caudal body margin, characterize Zerconidae.
- Zercon parivus sp. n., una nueva especie de Acari (Mesostigmata: Zerconidae)(Asociación Española de Entomología, 1991) Moraza-Zorrilla, M.L. (Maria Lourdes)Se describe Zercon parivus sp. n., encontrada en la hojarasca y mantillo de robledales, hayedos, alerces y maquia en Navarra (Norte de Espana). Dicha especie muestra los siguientes caracteres: setas JJ -lx, Z1, Z2 y 51 no alcanzan la inserción de las setas siguientes; seta Z3 dos veces la longitud de Z2; Z4 alcanza la inserción de 54; 14 alcanza el margen anterior de los escleronódulos internos; glándula Po2 (gdZ1) lateral a la linea Z1-Z2; glándula Po3 (gdJ3) lateral a la linea Z3-Z4; 16, Z4 y 55 son las setas más largas del opistonoto; escleronódulos opistonotales agrupados (la distancia entre los intern os es aproximadamente igual al diámetro de uno de ellos). Se ilustra la ontogenia de la quetotaxia, adenotaxia y poroidotaxia del idiosoma.