Cuervo, M. (Marta)

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    Interaction between an adcy3 genetic variant and two weight-lowering diets affecting body fatness and body composition outcomes depending on macronutrient distribution: a randomized trial
    (MDPI AG, 2018) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Riezu-Boj, J.I. (José Ignacio); Ortiz, L. (Lourdes); Corrales, F.J. (Fernando José); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Milagro-Yoldi, F.I. (Fermín Ignacio); Cuervo, M. (Marta)
    The adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) gene is involved in the regulation of several metabolic processes including the development and function of adipose tissue. The effects of the ADCY3 rs10182181 genetic variant on changes in body composition depending on the macronutrient distribution intake after 16 weeks of the dietary intervention were tested. The ADCY3 genetic variant was genotyped in 147 overweight or obese subjects, who were randomly assigned to one of the two diets varying in macronutrient content: a moderately-high-protein diet and a low-fat diet. Anthropometric and body composition measurements (DEXA scan) were recorded. Significant interactions between the ADCY3 genotype and dietary intervention on changes in weight, waist circumference, and body composition were found after adjustment for covariates. Thus, in the moderately-high-protein diet group, the G allele was associated with a lower decrease of fat mass, trunk and android fat, and a greater decrease in lean mass. Conversely, in the low-fat diet group carrying the G allele was associated with a greater decrease in trunk, android, gynoid, and visceral fat. Subjects carrying the G allele of the rs10182181 polymorphism may benefit more in terms of weight loss and improvement of body composition measurements when undertaking a hypocaloric low-fat diet as compared to a moderately-high-protein diet.
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    Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women
    (2021) Lorente-Cebrian, S. (Silvia); Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. (María Jesús); Félix-Soriano, E. (Elisa); García-Unciti, M.S. (María Soledad); Gonzalez-Muniesa, P. (Pedro); Palacios-Samper, N. (Natalia); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Pérez-Chávez, A. (Adriana); Santos, J. (Javier); Cobo-Díez, M.J. (María José); Martínez-Gayo, A. (Alejandro); Goikoetxea-Galarza, I. (Iñaki)
    Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.
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    Evaluación del estado de desnutrición en personas de 65 o más años de edad en España, mediante cuestionario validado (MNA: mini nutritional assesment)
    (2016) Cuervo, M. (Marta); Astiasarán, I. (Iciar); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo)
    Las personas mayores son el grupo de población que presenta mayores índices de desnutrición. Un estado nutricional deteriorado se relaciona con mayores demandas de servicios de salud, estancias hospitalarias más largas y se reconoce como un importante predictor de morbi-mortalidad, lo que representa un importante problema para la Salud Pública. Por todo ello, una adecuada evaluación del estado nutricional en las personas mayores así como una intervención nutricional precoz en los casos de riesgo nutricional, podrían contribuir a disminuir la prevalencia de desnutrición y por tanto mejorar tanto la calidad de vida de los mayores. En este sentido, existen distintas estrategias para realizar valoraciones rápidas del estado nutricional, con objeto de detectar sujetos en riesgo y centrar en ellos los recursos disponibles, descartando aquellos mayores sin riesgo y que por tanto no requieren tanto tiempo de atención nutricional. El Mini Nutritional Assessment es el instrumento utilizado en este trabajo, validando su uso en una población española de más de 22.000 personas mayores de 65 años. Los resultados señalan que el 4,3% presentan una situación clara de desnutrición y 25,4% están en riesgo de padecerla. Las mujeres presentan mayores índices de desnutrición así como los mayores de avanzada edad respecto a los más jóvenes. Respecto a la distribución geográfica, la mejor situación nutricional entre los mayores se encontraba en el norte del país, exceptuando el noroeste.
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    The inclusion of functional foods enriched in fibre, calcium, iodine, fat-soluble vitamins and n-3 fatty acids in a conventional diet improves the nutrient profile according to the Spanish reference intake
    (Cambridge University Press, 2011) Astiasarán, I. (Iciar); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Ansorena-Artieda, D. (Diana); Berasategui, I. (Izaskun); Santiago, S. (Susana); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Ruiz-de-Las-Heras, A. (Arantza)
    Objective The growing interest in maintaining good health status through optimal nutrition has boosted the launch of a number of functional foods on the market. The objective of the present study was to theoretically evaluate the nutritional relevance of incorporating selected enriched foods in the diet. Design A 28 d dietary plan, designed to be balanced under the recommended macronutrients criteria, was used as a basal diet. Some conventional foods were exchanged with foods enriched in fibre, calcium, iodine, vitamins A, D, E or n-3 fatty acids. Setting Nutritional composition of basal and modified diets was derived and compared to the Spanish recommended intakes (RI). Results The basal diet covered the recommendations for fibre and calcium with mean intake of 28 g and 1241 mg, respectively. The current intake of salt, if iodized, or bread elaborated with this salt, allowed reaching the daily intake of iodine every day, with a mean supply of 216 μg/d and 278 μg/d, respectively. The deficient supply of vitamin E in the basal diet (mean = 8 mg/d) was covered by including enriched margarine and dairy products (mean = 15 mg/d). The low n-3 fatty acids intake in the basal diet (1·1 g/d) increased up to 1·9 g/d after the use of enriched margarine, butter and biscuits and soya drink instead of milk. Conclusions In order to improve the accomplishment of the RI iodine, vitamin E and n-3 fatty acids, interesting strategies dealing with the incorporation of enriched foods in the diet were successfully initiated.
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    Interplay of an Obesity-Based Genetic Risk Score with Dietary and Endocrine Factors on Insulin Resistance
    (2020) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Riezu-Boj, J.I. (José Ignacio); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Milagro-Yoldi, F.I. (Fermín Ignacio); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Ramos-López, O. (Omar)
    This study aimed to nutrigenetically screen gene-diet and gene-metabolic interactions influencing insulin resistance (IR) phenotypes. A total of 232 obese or overweight adults were categorized by IR status: non-IR (HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance) index 2.5) and IR (HOMA-IR index > 2.5). A weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) was constructed using 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms related to energy homeostasis, which were genotyped by a next generation sequencing system. Body composition, the metabolic profile and lifestyle variables were evaluated, where individuals with IR showed worse metabolic outcomes. Overall, 16 obesity-predisposing genetic variants were associated with IR (p < 0.10 in the multivariate model). The wGRS strongly associated with the HOMA-IR index (adj. R squared = 0.2705, p < 0.0001). Moreover, the wGRS positively interacted with dietary intake of cholesterol (P int. = 0.002), and with serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P int. = 0.008) regarding IR status, whereas a negative interaction was found regarding adiponectin blood levels (P int. = 0.006). In conclusion, this study suggests that interactions between an adiposity-based wGRS with nutritional and metabolic/endocrine features influence IR phenotypes, which could facilitate the prescription of personalized nutrition recommendations for precision prevention and management of IR and diabetes.
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    Macronutrient-specific effect of the MTNR1B genotype on lipid levels in response to 2 year weight-loss diets
    (American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2018) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Bray, G.A. (George A.); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Huang, T. (Tao); Sun, D. (Dianjianyi); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Sacks, F.M. (Frank M.); Shang, X. (Xiaoyun); Qi, L. (Lu); Heianza, Y. (Yoriko); Wang, T. (Tiange)
    Compelling evidence indicates that lipid metabolism is in partial control of the circadian system. In this context, it has been reported that the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) genetic variant influences the dynamics of melatonin secretion, which is involved in the circadian system as a chronobiotic. The objective was to analyze whether the MTNR1B rs10830963 genetic variant was related to changes in lipid levels in response to dietary interventions with different macronutrient distribution in 722 overweight/obese subjects from the POUNDS Lost trial. We did not find a significant association between the MTNR1B genotype and changes in lipid metabolism.
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    Influence of fat intake and BMI on the association of rs1799983 NOS3 polymorphism with blood pressure levels in an Iberian population
    (Springer Verlag, 2016) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Milagro-Yoldi, F.I. (Fermín Ignacio); Cuervo, M. (Marta)
    Introduction Hypertension contributes to the burden of heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and premature mortality [1]. In fact, hypertension complications account for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year [2]. Key risk factors include age, race, endocrine and metabolic disorders, lifestyle behaviors and genetics, among others [1]. In this context, familial and twin studies have estimated the heritable component of Blood Pressure (BP) to be about 30%-60% [3]. Moreover, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of polymorphisms associated with BP or hypertension, which are located in or near genes involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, related to enzymes and receptors of the mineral-and glucocorticoid pathways and associated with proteins implicated in the structure and/or regulation of vascular tone [4].Among them, the Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS3) gene is regarded as one of the putative candidate gene for BP regulation and hypertension, since it is involved in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) which has vasodilator effects (i.e. inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction) [5]. Indeed, it has been observed in an animal model that the disruption of NOS3 gene led to hypertension, while in humans the inhibition of NOS3 elevated BP [5, 6]. Between NOS3 genetic variants, the rs1799983 is the most recognized polymorphism related not only to BP and hypertension, but also to coronary artery and vascular diseases, myocardial infarction, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes [7]. Unfortunately, the results of studies seeking associations of rs1799983 and BP or hypertension have not always been consistent in different populations, which might be due to gene-environmental risk factors interactions [8]. However, to our knowledge, there are few reports on the modulation of environmental factors such as excess body weight or diet, two risk factors widely associated with increased BP levels and hypertension, on the association between rs1799983 and BP or hypertension [9, 10]. Therefore, the aims of the present research were to examine the potential association between the rs1799983 NOS3 genetic variant and BP levels and hypertension, and to investigate the possible influence of non-genetic risk factors on that association.
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    A weight-loss model based on baseline microbiota and genetic scores for selection of dietary treatments in overweight and obese population
    (Elsevier, 2022) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Riezu-Boj, J.I. (José Ignacio); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Milagro-Yoldi, F.I. (Fermín Ignacio); Cuevas-Sierra, A. (Amanda); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Garcia-Granero, M. (Marta); Guruceaga, E. (Elizabeth)
    Background & aims: The response to weight loss depends on the interindividual variability of determinants such as gut microbiota and genetics. The aim of this investigation was to develop an integrative model using microbiota and genetic information to prescribe the most suitable diet for a successful weight loss in individuals with excess of body weight. Methods: A total of 190 Spanish overweight and obese participants were randomly assigned to two hypocaloric diets for 4 months: 61 women and 29 men followed a moderately high protein (MHP) diet, and 72 women and 28 men followed a low fat (LF) diet. Baseline fecal DNA was sequenced and used for the construction of four microbiota subscores associated with the percentage of BMI loss for each diet (MHP and LF) and for each sex. Bootstrapping techniques and multiple linear regression models were used for the selection of families, genera and species included in the subscores. Finally, two total microbiota scores were generated for each sex. Two genetic subscores previously reported to weight loss were used to generate a total genetic score. In an attempt to personalize the weight loss prescription, several linear mixed models that included interaction with diet between microbiota scores and genetic scores for both, men and women, were studied. Results: The microbiota subscore for the women who followed the MHP-diet included Coprococcus, Dorea, Flavonifractor, Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium bolteaea. For LF-diet women, Cytophagaceae, Catabacteriaceae, Flammeovirgaceae, Rhodobacteriaceae, Clostridium-x1vb, Bacteriodes nordiiay, Alistipes senegalensis, Blautia wexlerae and Psedoflavonifractor phocaeensis. For MHP-diet men, Cytophagaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Marinilabiliaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Fusicatenibacter, Odoribacter and Ruminococcus faecis; and for LF-men, Porphyromanadaceae, Intestinimonas, Bacteroides finegoldii and Clostridium bartlettii. The mixed models with microbiota scores facilitated the selection of diet in 72% of women and in 84% of men. The model including genetic information allows to select the type of diet in 84% and 73%, respectively.
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    Consumo de jamón curado e incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares, hipertensión arterial o ganancia de peso
    (Doyma, 2009) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Zazpe, I. (Itziar); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel)
    Fundamento y objetivo: El jamón curado es uno de los alimentos característicos de la dieta mediterránea española. Sin embargo, no existe ningún estudio epidemiológico prospectivo que haya valorado sus efectos sobre la salud humana. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de jamón curado y la incidencia de hipertensión arterial, enfermedad cardiovascular y/o ganancia de peso. Sujetos y método: En una cohorte epidemiológica prospectiva y dinámica de 13.293 graduados universitarios (Proyecto SUN) se analizó la incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensión arterial y la ganancia de peso a lo largo de un seguimiento máximo de 6 años. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión de Cox para estimar hazard ratios (riesgos relativos [RR]) tras ajustar por posibles factores de confusión. Resultados: El consumo de jamón en los niveles más altos (> 4 raciones/semana) no presentaba asociación con la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares (RR=1,02; [IC 95%: 0,44-2,39]), tras ajustar por edad, sexo, ingesta energética total y patrón dietético, en comparación con los consumos inferiores a una vez por semana. Al repetir esta comparación para la hipertensión, y tras ajustar por edad, sexo, ingesta energética total e índice de masa corporal, se encontró un RR = 0.74 (IC 95%: 0.55-1.01). En la comparación del cambio de peso medio anual entre estas mismas categorías extremas de consumo (<1 versus >=4 raciones) se encontró una diferencia no significativa de 0,033 kg (IC 95%: -0,041 a +0,107) en la ganancia media de peso al año tras ajustar por sexo, edad, tabaco, actividad física e índice de masa corporal inicial. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta cohorte no proporcionan evidencia de que el consumo de jamón curado se asocie a mayor riesgo cardiovascular, de hipertensión arterial o de ganancia de peso.Background and objective: Cured ham is a characteristic food in Spanish Mediterranean diet. However, no prospective epidemiologic study assessing its effects on human health is available. Our aim was to assess the association between the consumption of cured ham and cardiovascular disease, hypertension or weight gain. Subjects and Method: In a prospective and dynamic epidemiologic cohort composed exclusively of university graduates (the SUN Project, n=13,293), we analyzed the incidence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension or average yearly weight gain after a maximum follow-up of 6 years. Cox (proportional hazards) regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (relative risks [RR]) after adjusting for potential confounding. Results: No association was found between higher levels of consumption of cured ham (> 4 servings/week) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (RR=1.02; [95%CI]: 0.44-2.39), in analyses adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake and dietary pattern, compared to the consumption of less than one serving a week. When we repeated this comparison for the incidence of hypertension, and adjusting for age, sex, total energy intake and body mass index, the RR was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55-1.01). In the comparison of average yearly weight gain between these extreme categories of cured ham consumption (<1 versus >=4 servings/week) a non-significant difference of 0.033 kg (95% CI: -0.041 to 0.107) was found after adjusting for sex, age, smoking, physical activity, and baseline body mass index. Conclusions: The results of this cohort study do not support any association between the consumption of cured ham and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension or weight gain.
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    Development of a learning-oriented computer assisted Instruction designed to improve skills in the clinical assessment of the nutritional status: a pilot evaluation
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Garcia-de-Diego, L. (Laura)
    Computer assisted instruction (CAI) is an effective tool for evaluating and training students and professionals. In this article we will present a learning-oriented CAI, which has been developed for students and health professionals to acquire and retain new knowledge through the practice. A two-phase pilot evaluation was conducted, involving 8 nutrition experts and 30 postgraduate students, respectively. In each training session, the software developed guides users in the integral evaluation of a patient’s nutritional status and helps them to implement actions. The program includes into the format clinical tools, which can be used to recognize possible patient’s needs, to improve the clinical reasoning and to develop professional skills. Among them are assessment questionnaires and evaluation criteria, cardiovascular risk charts, clinical guidelines and photographs of various diseases. This CAI is a complete software package easy to use and versatile, aimed at clinical specialists, medical staff, scientists, educators and clinical students, which can be used as a learning tool. This application constitutes an advanced method for students and health professionals to accomplish nutritional assessments combining theoretical and empirical issues, which can be implemented in their academic curriculum.