Fito, M. (Montserrat)

Filtering

2013 - 2019412020 - 202423

Settings

Author search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.7de631e9-926b-4b1a-9964-0c0ca699df6b

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 64
  • Thumbnail Image
    Adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with methylation changes in inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood cells
    (Springer, 2017-02-08) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Riezu-Boj, J.I. (José Ignacio); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Milagro-Yoldi, F.I. (Fermín Ignacio); Arpon, A. (Ana); Razquin, C. (Cristina); Ros, E. (Emilio); Casas, R. (Rosa); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi)
    Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, might be modulated by environmental factors such as the diet, which in turn have been associated with the onset of several diseases such as obesity or cardiovascular events. Meanwhile, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated favourable effects on cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, inflammation and other complications related to excessive adiposity. Some of these effects could be mediated by epigenetic modifications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the adherence to MedDiet is associated with changes in the methylation status from peripheral blood cells. A subset of 36 individuals was selected within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED)-Navarra study, a randomised, controlled, parallel trial with three groups of intervention in high cardiovascular risk volunteers, two with a MedDiet and one low-fat control group. Changes in methylation between baseline and 5 years were studied. DNA methylation arrays were analysed by several robust statistical tests and functional classifications. Eight genes related to inflammation and immunocompetence (EEF2, COL18A1, IL4I1, LEPR, PLAGL1, IFRD1, MAPKAPK2, PPARGC1B) were finally selected as changes in their methylation levels correlated with adherence to MedDiet and because they presented sensitivity related to a high variability in methylation changes. Additionally, EEF2 methylation levels positively correlated with concentrations of TNF-α and CRP. This report is apparently the first showing that adherence to MedDiet is associated with the methylation of the reported genes related to inflammation with a potential regulatory impact.
  • Thumbnail Image
    The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
    (2017) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Sala-Vila, A. (Aleix); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Lapetra, J. (José); Ciufo, G. (Gianfranco); Garcia-Layana, A. (Alfredo); Vinyoles, E. (Ernest); Ros, E. (Emilio); Bullo, M. (Monica); Portillo, M.P. (María P.); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and surgery is the only available treatment. The process that initiates lens opacification is dependent on the oxidative stress experienced by the lens components. A healthy overall dietary pattern, with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, has been suggested as a means to decrease the risk of developing cataract. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that an intervention with a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rather than a low-fat diet could decrease the incidence of cataract surgery in elderly subjects. Methods: We included 5802 men and women (age range: 55–80 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea study (multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial) who had not undergone cataract surgery. They were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) a MedDiet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) (n = 1998); (2) a MedDiet enriched with nuts (n = 1914), and a control group recommended to follow a low-fat diet (n = 1890). The incidence of cataract surgery was recorded yearly during follow-up clinical evaluations. Primary analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the nutritional intervention and the incidence of cataract surgery. Results: During a follow-up period of 7.0 years (mean follow-up period: 5.7 years; median: 5.9 years), 559 subjects underwent cataract surgery. Two hundred and six participants from the MedDiet + EVOO group, 174 from the MedDiet + Nuts group, and 179 from the control group underwent cataract surgery. We did not observe a reduction in the incidence of cataract surgery in the MedDiet groups compared to the control group. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.26, p = 0.79) for the control group versus the MedDiet + EVOO group and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.86–1.31, p = 0.58) for the control group versus the MedDiet + Nuts group. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first large randomized trial assessing the role of a MedDiet on the incidence of cataract surgery. Our results showed that the incidence of cataract surgery was similar in the MedDiet with EVOO, MedDiet with nuts, and low-fat diet groups. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether a MedDiet could have a preventive role in cataract surgery.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Mercury exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease: a nested casecontrol study in the PREDIMED (PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet) study
    (Bio Med Central, 2017) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Garcia-Rodriguez, A. (Antonio); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Lapetra, J. (José); Muñoz, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Downer, M.K. (Mary Kathryn); Gutierrez-Bedmar, M. (Mario); Bullo, M. (Monica); Stampfer, M. (Meir); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Gea, A. (Alfredo); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background: Substantial evidence suggests that consuming 1–2 servings of fish per week, particularly oily fish (e.g., salmon, herring, sardines) is beneficial for cardiovascular health due to its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, there is some concern that the mercury content in fish may increase cardiovascular disease risk, but this relationship remains unclear. Methods: The PREDIMED trial included 7477 participants who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease at baseline. In this study, we evaluated associations between mercury exposure, fish consumption and cardiovascular disease. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 cases diagnosed with cardiovascular disease during follow-up and matched them on age and sex to 267 controls. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to assess toenail mercury concentration. In-person interviews, medical record reviews and validated questionnaires were used to assess fish consumption and other covariates. Information was collected at baseline and updated yearly during follow-up. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate associations in the total nested case-control study, and unconditional logistic regression for population subsets. Results: Mean (±SD) toenail mercury concentrations (μg per gram) did not significantly differ between cases (0.63 (±0.53)) and controls (0.67 (±0.49)). Mercury concentration was not associated with cardiovascular disease in any analysis, and neither was fish consumption or n-3 fatty acids. The fully-adjusted relative risks for the highest versus lowest quartile of mercury concentration were 0.71 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.34, 1.14; ptrend = 0.37) for the nested case-control study, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.32, 1.76; ptrend = 0.43) within the Mediterranean diet intervention group, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.13, 1.96; ptrend = 0.41) within the control arm of the trial. Associations remained null when mercury was jointly assessed with fish consumption at baseline and during follow-up. Results were similar in different sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: We found no evidence that mercury exposure from regular fish consumption increases cardiovascular disease risk in a population of Spanish adults with high cardiovascular disease risk and high fish consumption. This implies that the mercury content in fish does not detract from the already established cardiovascular benefits of fish consumption.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Relationship of visceral adipose tissue with surrogate insulin resistance and liver markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome chronic complications
    (Sage journals, 2020) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Corbella, E. (Emili); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Macías-González, M. (Manuel); Ros, E. (Emilio); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Corella, D. (Dolores); Abete, I. (Itziar); Mascaró, C.M. (Catalina M.); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sayon-Orea, C. (Carmen); Bullón-Vela, M. V. (María Vanessa)
    Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has a hazardous influence on systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and an adverse metabolic profile, which increases the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic complications of diabetes. In our study we aimed to evaluate the association of VAT and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) as a proxy of insulin resistance surrogated with metabolic and liver risk factors among subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 326 participants with MetS (55– 75years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Liver-status markers, VAT and TyG were assessed. Participants were stratified by tertiles according to VAT (n=254) and TyG (n=326). A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyse the efficiency of TyG for VAT. Results: Subjects with greater visceral fat depots showed worse lipid profile, higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TyG, alanine transaminase (ALT), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) compared with participants in the first tertile. The multi-adjusted linear-regression analyses indicated that individuals in the third tertile of TyG (>9.1−10.7) had a positive association with HOMA-IR [β=3.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28−3.86; p trend<0.001)], ALT [β=7.43 (95% CI 2.23−12.63; p trend=0.005)], gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) [β=14.12 (95% CI 3.64−24.61; p trend=0.008)], FGF-21 [β=190.69 (95% CI 93.13−288.25; p trend<0.001)], FLI [β=18.65 (95% CI 14.97−22.23; p trend<0.001)] and HSI [β=3.46 (95% CI, 2.23−4.68; p trend<0.001)] versus participants from the first tertile. Interestingly, the TyG showed the largest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for women (AUC=0.713; 95% CI 0.62−0.79) compared with men (AUC=0.570; 95% CI 0.48−0.66). Conclusions: A disrupted VAT enlargement and impairment of TyG are strongly associated with liver status and cardiometabolic risk factors linked with NAFLD in individuals diagnosed with MetS. Moreover, the TyG could be used as a suitable and reliable marker estimator of VAT.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Associations of the MCM6-rs3754686 proxy for milk intake in Mediterranean and American populations with cardiovascular biomarkers, disease and mortality: Mendelian randomization
    (Scientific Reports, 2016) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Di, C. (Chongzhi); E. Smith, C. (Caren); Hidalgo, B. (Berta); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Ordovas, J.M. (Jose Maria); L. Neuhouser, M. (Marian); L. Tucker, K. (Katherine); K. Arnett, D. (Donna); Coltell, O. (Oscar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Miro, L. (Leticia); Q. Lai, C. (Chao); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); S. Dashti, H. (Hassan); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando); Aslibekyan, S. (Stella)
    Controversy persists on the association between dairy products, especially milk, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Genetic proxies may improve dairy intake estimations, and clarify diet-disease relationships through Mendelian randomization. We meta-analytically (n ≤ 20,089) evaluated associations between a lactase persistence (LP) SNP, the minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 (MCM6)-rs3754686C>T (nonpersistence>persistence), dairy intake, and CVD biomarkers in American (Hispanics, African-American and Whites) and Mediterranean populations. Moreover, we analyzed longitudinal associations with milk, CVD and mortality in PREDIMED), a randomized Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention trial (n = 7185). The MCM6-rs3754686/MCM6-rs309180 (as proxy), LP-allele (T) was strongly associated with higher milk intake, but inconsistently associated with glucose and lipids, and not associated with CVD or total mortality in the whole population. Heterogeneity analyses suggested some sex-specific associations. The T-allele was associated with higher CVD and mortality risk in women but not in men (P-sex interaction:0.005 and 0.032, respectively), mainly in the MedDiet group. However, milk intake was not associated with CVD biomarkers, CVD or mortality either generally or in sub-groups. Although MCM6-rs3754686 is a good milk intake proxy in these populations, attributing its associations with CVD and mortality in Mediterranean women to milk is unwarranted, as other factors limiting the assumption of causality in Mendelian randomization may exist.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Arginine catabolism metabolites and atrial fibrillation or heart failure risk: 2 case-control studies within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Babio, N. (Nancy); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Clish, C.B. (Clary B.); Atzeni, A. (Alessandro); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Hu, F.B. (Frank B.); Wittenbecher, C. (Clemens); Li, J. (Jun); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Lapetra, J. (José); Guasch-Ferre, M. (Marta); Razquin, C. (Cristina); Liang, L. (Liming); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Dennis, C. (Courtney); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background Arginine-derived metabolites are involved in oxidative and inflammatory processes related to endothelial functions and cardiovascular risks. Objectives We prospectively examined the associations of arginine catabolism metabolites with the risks of atrial fibrillation (AF) or heart failure (HF), and evaluated the potential modifications of these associations through Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions in a large, primary-prevention trial. Methods Two nested, matched, case-control studies were designed within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial. We selected 509 incident cases and 547 matched controls for the AF case-control study and 326 cases and 402 matched controls for the HF case-control study using incidence density sampling. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and arginine catabolism metabolites were measured using LC-tandem MS. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were applied to test the associations between the metabolites and incident AF or HF. Interactions between metabolites and intervention groups (MedDiet groups compared with control group) were analyzed with the likelihood ratio test. Results Inverse association with incident AF was observed for arginine (OR per 1 SD, 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73–0.94), whereas a positive association was found for N1-acetylspermidine (OR for Q4 compared with Q1 1.58; 95% CI: 1.13–2.25). For HF, inverse associations were found for arginine (OR per 1 SD, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69–0.97) and homoarginine (OR per 1 SD, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68–0.96), and positive associations were found for the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethlyarginine (SDMA) ratio (OR per 1 SD, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.41), N1-acetylspermidine (OR per 1 SD, 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.60), and diacetylspermine (OR per 1 SD, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02–1.41). In the stratified analysis according to the dietary intervention, the lower HF risk associated with arginine was restricted to participants in the MedDiet groups (P-interaction = 0.044). Conclusions Our results suggest that arginine catabolism metabolites could be involved in AF and HF. Interventions with the MedDiet may contribute to strengthen the inverse association between arginine and the risk of HF. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
    (MDPI AG, 2019) Babio, N. (Nancy); Portoles, O. (Olga); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Eguaras, S. (Sonia); Sorto-Sánchez, C. (Carolina); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Tojal-Sierra, L. (Lucas); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Becerra-Tomas, N. (Nerea); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Barrubés, L. (Laura); Orozco-Beltrán, D. (Domingo); Lapetra, J. (José); Zomeño, M.D. (María Dolores); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Bouzas, C. (Cristina); Schröder, H. (Helmut); López-Miranda, J. (José); Coltell, O. (Oscar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Bibiloni, M.M. (Maria del Mar); Perez-Vega, K.A. (Karla Alejandra); Julibert, A. (Alicia); Casas, R. (Rosa); Carabaño-Moral, R. (Rosa); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); García-Molina, L. (Laura); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Gaforio, J.J. (José Juan); Martinez, A. (Alfredo); Ugarriza, L. (Lucía); Santos-Lozano, J.M. (José M.); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Abete, I. (Itziar); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Torres-Collado, L. (Laura); Bernal-López, M.R. (María Rosa); Galera, A. (Ana); PREDIMED-PLUS Investigators
    Background: The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55-75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and ω-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and ω-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3-1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and ω-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and ω-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Mediterranean diet and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-PLUS trial
    (PLOS, 2018) Babio, N. (Nancy); Buil, P. (Pilar); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Galilea-Zabalza, I. (Iñigo); González-Palacios, S. (Sandra); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Delgado, A. (Alba); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Pérez-Farinós, N. (Napoleón); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Ortega-Azorin, C. (Carolina); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Diez-Espino, J. (Javier); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Zomeño, M.D. (María Dolores); Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (Aurora); Muñoz, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Matia, P. (Pilar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ortega-Calvo, M. (Manuel); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Vazquez-Ruiz, Z. (Zenaida); Diaz-Lopez, A. (Andres); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Abete, I. (Itziar); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55–70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energyrestricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariableadjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with Metabolic Syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional analysis
    (MDPI, 2019) Buil, P. (Pilar); Portoles, O. (Olga); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Muñoz-Garach, A. (Araceli); Riquelme-Gallego, B. (Blanca); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Fernandez-Carrion, R. (Rebeca); Gallardo-Alfaro, L. (Laura); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Konieczna, J. (Jadwiga); Palau-Galindo, A. (Antoni); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Moñino, M. (Manuel); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Lapetra, J. (José); Zomeño, M.D. (María Dolores); Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (Aurora); Muñoz, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Basora, J. (Josep); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); Miralles-Gisbert, S. (Salvador); Contreras-Fernandez, E. (Eugenio); Matia, P. (Pilar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Notario-Barandiaran, L. (Leyre); Perez-Vega, K.A. (Karla Alejandra); Casas, R. (Rosa); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Diaz-Lopez, A. (Andres); Santos-Lozano, J.M. (José M.); Gea, A. (Alfredo); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Abete, I. (Itziar); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Martin, V. (Vicente); Cano-Ibañez, N. (Naomi); Aros, F. (Fernando); Moreno-Rodríguez, A. (Anai)
    Dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a varied diet to provide an adequate nutrient intake. However, an older age is often associated with consumption of monotonous diets that can be nutritionally inadequate, increasing the risk for the development or progression of diet-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between dietary diversity (DD) and nutrient intake adequacy and to identify demographic variables associated with DD, we cross-sectionally analyzed baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial: 6587 Spanish adults aged 55–75 years, with overweight/obesity who also had MetS. An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below 2/3 of the dietary reference intake (DRI) forat least four of 17 nutrients proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DDS and the risk of nutritionally inadequate intakes. In the higher DDS quartile there were more women and less current smokers. Compared with subjects in the highest DDS quartile, those in the lowest DDS quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake: odds ratio (OR) = 28.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.80–39.21). When we estimated food varietyfor each of the food groups, participants in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake for the groups of vegetables, OR = 14.03 (95% CI 10.55–18.65), fruits OR = 11.62 (95% CI 6.81–19.81), dairy products OR = 6.54 (95% CI 4.64–9.22) and protein foods OR = 6.60 (95% CI 1.96–22.24). As DDS decreased, the risk of inadequate nutrients intake rose. Given the impact of nutrient intake adequacy on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health policies should focus on the promotion of a healthy varied diet, specifically promoting the intake of vegetables and fruit among population groups with lower DDS such as men, smokers or widow(er)s. View Full-Text
  • Thumbnail Image
    Novel association of the obesity risk-allele near Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule 2 (FAIM2) gene with heart rate and study of its effects on myocardial infarction in diabetic participants of the PREDIMED trial
    (BioMed Central, 2014) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Ortega, C. (Carolina); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Gonzalez, J.I. (José I.); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Ordovas, J.M. (Jose Maria); Lapetra, J. (José); Coltell, O. (Oscar); Ruiz-Gutierrez, V. (Valentina); Vinyoles, E. (Ernest); Ros, E. (Emilio); Bullo, M. (Monica); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Saiz, C. (Carmen); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando); Marti-del-Moral, A. (Amelia)
    BACKGROUND: The Fas apoptotic pathway has been implicated in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although a polymorphism (rs7138803; G > A) near the Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) locus has been related to obesity, its association with other cardiovascular risk factors and disease remains uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed the association between the FAIM2-rs7138803 polymorphism and obesity, blood pressure and heart rate in 7,161 participants (48.3% with type 2 diabetes) in the PREDIMED study at baseline. We also explored gene-diet interactions with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and examined the effects of the polymorphism on cardiovascular disease incidence per diabetes status after a median 4.8-year dietary intervention (MedDiet versus control group) follow-up. RESULTS: We replicated the association between the FAIM2-rs7138803 polymorphism and greater obesity risk (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16; P = 0.011; per-A allele). Moreover, we detected novel associations of this polymorphism with higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate at baseline (B = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97-1.28 bmp in AA vs G-carriers for the whole population), that remained statistically significant even after adjustment for body mass index (P = 0.012) and correction for multiple comparisons. This association was greater and statistically significant in type-2 diabetic subjects (B = 1.44: 95% CI: 0.23-2.56 bmp; P = 0.010 for AA versus G-carriers). Likewise, these findings were also observed longitudinally over 5-year follow-up. Nevertheless, we found no statistically significant gene-diet interactions with MedDiet for this trait. On analyzing myocardial infarction risk, we detected a nominally significant (P = 0.041) association in type-2 diabetic subjects (HR: 1.86; 95% CI:1.03-3.37 for AA versus G-carriers), although this association did not remain statistically significant following correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the FAIM2-rs7138803 relationship with obesity and identified novel and consistent associations with heart rate in particular in type 2 diabetic subjects. Furthermore, our results suggest a possible association of this polymorphism with higher myocardial infarction risk in type-2 diabetic subjects, although this result needs to be replicated as it could represent a false positive.