Fito, M. (Montserrat)

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    Adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with methylation changes in inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood cells
    (Springer, 2017-02-08) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Riezu-Boj, J.I. (José Ignacio); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Milagro-Yoldi, F.I. (Fermín Ignacio); Arpon, A. (Ana); Razquin, C. (Cristina); Ros, E. (Emilio); Casas, R. (Rosa); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi)
    Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, might be modulated by environmental factors such as the diet, which in turn have been associated with the onset of several diseases such as obesity or cardiovascular events. Meanwhile, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated favourable effects on cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, inflammation and other complications related to excessive adiposity. Some of these effects could be mediated by epigenetic modifications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the adherence to MedDiet is associated with changes in the methylation status from peripheral blood cells. A subset of 36 individuals was selected within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED)-Navarra study, a randomised, controlled, parallel trial with three groups of intervention in high cardiovascular risk volunteers, two with a MedDiet and one low-fat control group. Changes in methylation between baseline and 5 years were studied. DNA methylation arrays were analysed by several robust statistical tests and functional classifications. Eight genes related to inflammation and immunocompetence (EEF2, COL18A1, IL4I1, LEPR, PLAGL1, IFRD1, MAPKAPK2, PPARGC1B) were finally selected as changes in their methylation levels correlated with adherence to MedDiet and because they presented sensitivity related to a high variability in methylation changes. Additionally, EEF2 methylation levels positively correlated with concentrations of TNF-α and CRP. This report is apparently the first showing that adherence to MedDiet is associated with the methylation of the reported genes related to inflammation with a potential regulatory impact.
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    The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
    (2017) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Sala-Vila, A. (Aleix); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Lapetra, J. (José); Ciufo, G. (Gianfranco); Garcia-Layana, A. (Alfredo); Vinyoles, E. (Ernest); Ros, E. (Emilio); Bullo, M. (Monica); Portillo, M.P. (María P.); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and surgery is the only available treatment. The process that initiates lens opacification is dependent on the oxidative stress experienced by the lens components. A healthy overall dietary pattern, with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, has been suggested as a means to decrease the risk of developing cataract. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that an intervention with a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rather than a low-fat diet could decrease the incidence of cataract surgery in elderly subjects. Methods: We included 5802 men and women (age range: 55–80 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea study (multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial) who had not undergone cataract surgery. They were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) a MedDiet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) (n = 1998); (2) a MedDiet enriched with nuts (n = 1914), and a control group recommended to follow a low-fat diet (n = 1890). The incidence of cataract surgery was recorded yearly during follow-up clinical evaluations. Primary analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the nutritional intervention and the incidence of cataract surgery. Results: During a follow-up period of 7.0 years (mean follow-up period: 5.7 years; median: 5.9 years), 559 subjects underwent cataract surgery. Two hundred and six participants from the MedDiet + EVOO group, 174 from the MedDiet + Nuts group, and 179 from the control group underwent cataract surgery. We did not observe a reduction in the incidence of cataract surgery in the MedDiet groups compared to the control group. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.26, p = 0.79) for the control group versus the MedDiet + EVOO group and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.86–1.31, p = 0.58) for the control group versus the MedDiet + Nuts group. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first large randomized trial assessing the role of a MedDiet on the incidence of cataract surgery. Our results showed that the incidence of cataract surgery was similar in the MedDiet with EVOO, MedDiet with nuts, and low-fat diet groups. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether a MedDiet could have a preventive role in cataract surgery.
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    Seafood Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake, and Life-Time Prevalence of Depression in the PREDIMED-Plus Trial
    (MDPI, 2018-12-18) Babio, N. (Nancy); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Izquierdo, M. (Marisol); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Ortega-Azorin, C. (Carolina); García Hera, M (Manoli) de la; Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Lecea, O. (Oscar); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Zomeño, M.D. (María Dolores); Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (Aurora); Muñoz, M.A. (Miguel Angel); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Matia, P. (Pilar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Alvarez Perez, J. (Jacqueline); Ortega-Calvo, M. (Manuel); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Diaz-Lopez, A. (Andres); Pérez-Lopez, J. (Jessica); Sanchez-Villegas, A. (Almudena); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Abete, I. (Itziar); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Martin, V. (Vicente); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background: The aim of this analysis was to ascertain the type of relationship between fish and seafood consumption, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) intake, and depression prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Fish and seafood consumption and ω-3 PUFA intake were assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Self-reported life-time medical diagnosis of depression or use of antidepressants was considered as outcome. Depressive symptoms were collected by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between seafood products and ω-3 PUFA consumption and depression. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between fish and long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFA intake and depressive symptoms. Results: Out of 6587 participants, there were 1367 cases of depression. Total seafood consumption was not associated with depression. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quintiles of consumption of fatty fish were 0.77 (0.63–0.94), 0.71 (0.58–0.87), and 0.78 (0.64–0.96), respectively, and p for trend = 0.759. Moderate intake of total LC ω-3 PUFA (approximately 0.5–1 g/day) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depression. Conclusion: In our study, moderate fish and LC ω-3 PUFA intake, but not high intake, was associated with lower odds of depression suggesting a U-shaped relationship.
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    Arginine catabolism metabolites and atrial fibrillation or heart failure risk: 2 case-control studies within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial
    (Oxford University Press, 2022) Babio, N. (Nancy); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Clish, C.B. (Clary B.); Atzeni, A. (Alessandro); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Hu, F.B. (Frank B.); Wittenbecher, C. (Clemens); Li, J. (Jun); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Goñi-Mateos, L. (Leticia); Lapetra, J. (José); Guasch-Ferre, M. (Marta); Razquin, C. (Cristina); Liang, L. (Liming); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Dennis, C. (Courtney); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background Arginine-derived metabolites are involved in oxidative and inflammatory processes related to endothelial functions and cardiovascular risks. Objectives We prospectively examined the associations of arginine catabolism metabolites with the risks of atrial fibrillation (AF) or heart failure (HF), and evaluated the potential modifications of these associations through Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interventions in a large, primary-prevention trial. Methods Two nested, matched, case-control studies were designed within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial. We selected 509 incident cases and 547 matched controls for the AF case-control study and 326 cases and 402 matched controls for the HF case-control study using incidence density sampling. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and arginine catabolism metabolites were measured using LC-tandem MS. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were applied to test the associations between the metabolites and incident AF or HF. Interactions between metabolites and intervention groups (MedDiet groups compared with control group) were analyzed with the likelihood ratio test. Results Inverse association with incident AF was observed for arginine (OR per 1 SD, 0.83; 95% CI: 0.73–0.94), whereas a positive association was found for N1-acetylspermidine (OR for Q4 compared with Q1 1.58; 95% CI: 1.13–2.25). For HF, inverse associations were found for arginine (OR per 1 SD, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69–0.97) and homoarginine (OR per 1 SD, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68–0.96), and positive associations were found for the asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethlyarginine (SDMA) ratio (OR per 1 SD, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02–1.41), N1-acetylspermidine (OR per 1 SD, 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.60), and diacetylspermine (OR per 1 SD, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02–1.41). In the stratified analysis according to the dietary intervention, the lower HF risk associated with arginine was restricted to participants in the MedDiet groups (P-interaction = 0.044). Conclusions Our results suggest that arginine catabolism metabolites could be involved in AF and HF. Interventions with the MedDiet may contribute to strengthen the inverse association between arginine and the risk of HF. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
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    Dietary inflammatory index and anthropometric measures of obesity in a population sample at high cardiovascular risk from the PREDIMED trial
    (Cambridge University Press, 2015) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Shivappa, N. (Nitin); Sanchez-Tainta, A. (Ana); Zazpe, I. (Itziar); Rekondo, J. (J.); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Santos-Lozano, J.M. (José M.); Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (Rosa Maria); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Fernandez-Crehuet, J. (Joaquín); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Hebert, J.R. (James R.)
    The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool to assess the inflammatory potential of diet. We aimed to determine the association between the DII and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist to height ratio (WHtR). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7,236 participants recruited into the PREDIMED trial (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea). Information from a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate energy, foods and nutrients. A 14-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression models were fitted to estimate differences (and 95% confidence intervals) in BMI, waist circumference and WHtR across quintiles of the DII. All nutrient intakes, healthy foods and adherence to the MeDiet were higher in the quintile with lowest DII score (more anti-inflammatory values) except for animal protein, saturated and monounsaturated fat. Though an inverse association between DII and total energy was apparent, the DII was associated with higher average BMI, waist circumference and WHtR after adjusting for known risk factors. The adjusted difference in WHtR for women and men between the highest and lowest quintile of DII was 1.60% (95% CI 0.87-2.33) and 1.04% (95% CI 0.35-1.74), respectively. Pro-inflammatory scores remained associated with obesity after controlling for the effect that adherence to a MeDiet had on inflammation. In conclusion, this study shows a direct association between the DII and indices of obesity and supports the hypothesis that diet may have a role in the development of obesity through inflammatory modulation mechanisms.
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    Factors associated with successful dietary changes in an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet intervention: a longitudinal analysis in the PREDIMED-plus trial
    (Springer, 2022) Buil-Cosiales, P. (Pilar); Castañer, O. (Olga); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Oncina-Canovas, A. (Alejandro); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Garcia-Rios, A. (Antonio); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Tojal-Sierra, L. (Lucas); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Pérez-Farinós, N. (Napoleón); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); García-Gavilán, J.F. (Jesús F.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Moñino, M. (Manuel); Ortega-Azorin, C. (Carolina); Zulet, M.A. (María Ángeles); Becerra-Tomas, N. (Nerea); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Muralidharan, J. (Jananee); San-Julián-Aranguren, B. (Beatriz); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Sacanella, E. (Emilio); Lapetra, J. (José); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Bueno-Cavanillas, A. (Aurora); Schröder, H. (Helmut); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Goicolea-Güemez, L. (Leire); Razquin, C. (Cristina); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Fernández-Lázaro, C.I. (César I.); Goday, A. (Albert); Alonso-Gomez, A. (Ángel); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Vazquez-Ruiz, Z. (Zenaida); Santos-Lozano, J.M. (José M.); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Bernal-López, M.R. (María Rosa)
    Purpose Long-term nutrition trials may fail to respond to their original hypotheses if participants do not comply with the intended dietary intervention. We aimed to identify baseline factors associated with successful dietary changes towards an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in the PREDIMED-Plus randomized trial. Methods Longitudinal analysis of 2985 participants (Spanish overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome) randomized to the active intervention arm of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Dietary changes were assessed with a 17-item energyreduced MedDiet questionnaire after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Successful compliance was defned as dietary changes from baseline of≥5 points for participants with baseline scores<13 points or any increase if baseline score was≥13 points. We conducted crude and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to identify baseline factors related to compliance. Results Consistent factors independently associated with successful dietary change at both 6 and 12 months were high baseline perceived self-efcacy in modifying diet (OR6-month: 1.51, 95% CI 1.25–1.83; OR12-month: 1.66, 95% CI 1.37–2.01), higher baseline fber intake (OR6-month: 1.62, 95% CI 1.07–2.46; OR12-month: 1.62, 95% CI 1.07–2.45), having>3 chronic conditions (OR6-month: 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.79; OR12-month: 0.76, 95% CI 0.62–0.93), and sufering depression (OR6-month: 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–0.99; OR12-month: 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.88). Conclusion Our results suggested that recruitment of individuals with high perceived self-efcacy to dietary change, and those who initially follow diets relatively richer in fber may lead to greater changes in nutritional recommendations. Participants with multiple chronic conditions, specifcally depression, should receive specifc tailored interventions.
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    Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment
    (2023) Buil-Cosiales, P. (Pilar); Castañer, O. (Olga); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); González-Palacios, S. (Sandra); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Pastor, R. (Rosario); Alvarez-Alvarez, L. (Laura); Tojal-Sierra, L. (Lucas); Martín-Sánchez, V. (Vicente); Gonzalez, J.I. (José I.); Martínez-Hernández, J.A. (J. Alfredo); Daimiel, L. (Lidia); Tinahones, F.J. (Francisco J.); Vioque, J. (Jesús); Tur, J.A. (Josep A.); Shyam, S. (Sangeetha); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Bes-Rastrollo, M. (Maira); Romaguera, D. (Dora); Vázquez, C. (Clotilde); Matía-Martín, P. (Pilar); Bouzas, C. (Cristina); Rubín-García, M. (María); Delgado-Rodriguez, M. (Miguel); López-Miranda, J. (José); Coltell, O. (Oscar); Khoury, N. (Nadine); Perez, K.A. (Karla Alejandra); Ros, E. (Emili); Wärnberg, J. (Julia); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Santos-Lozano, J.M. (José M.); Barcelo, C.; Bernal-Lopez, M. R; Casas, R.; Garcia-Rios, A.; Goicolea-Guemez, L.; Gomez-Gracia, E.; Konieczna, J.; Masso-Guijarro, P.; Zulet-Alzórriz, M. (María de los Ángeles); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Zomeño-Fajardo, M.D. (Maria Dolores); Martinez-Rodriguez, M.A. (Maria Angeles); Vidal, J. (Josep); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Pena-Orihuela, P.J. (Patricia J.); Cano-Ibañez, N. (Naomi); Monserrat-Mesquida, M. (Margalida); Garcia, S. (Silvia)
    Background: Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability. Objectives: Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use. Design: A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were cal-culated by means of the Agribalyse & REG; 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Lin-ear Models. Results: Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by -0.6 kg of CO2eq and -5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced. Conclusions: Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 05 September 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ ISRCTN89898870.
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    Polymorphism of the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) interacts with obesity on type-2 diabetes in the PREDIMED study emphasizing the heterogeneity of genetic variants in type-2 diabetes risk prediction: time for obesity-specific genetic risk scores
    (MDPI, 2016) Portoles, O. (Olga); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Quiles, L. (Laura); Diez-Espino, J. (Javier); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Ordovas, J.M. (Jose Maria); Basora, J. (Josep); Coltell, O. (Oscar); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ortega-Calvo, M. (Manuel); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Corella, D. (Dolores); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.)
    Nutrigenetic studies analyzing gene–diet interactions of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on type-2 diabetes (T2D) have shown controversial results. A reason contributing to this may be the additional modulation by obesity. Moreover, TCF7L2-rs7903146 is one of the most influential variants in T2D-genetic risk scores (GRS). Therefore, to increase the predictive value (PV) of GRS it is necessary to first see whether the included polymorphisms have heterogeneous effects. We comprehensively investigated gene-obesity interactions between the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on T2D (prevalence and incidence) and analyzed other T2D-polymorphisms in a sub-sample. We studied 7018 PREDIMED participants at baseline and longitudinally (8.7 years maximum follow-up). Obesity significantly interacted with the TCF7L2-rs7903146 on T2D prevalence, associations being greater in non-obese subjects. Accordingly, we prospectively observed in non-T2D subjects (n = 3607) that its association with T2D incidence was stronger in non-obese (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.13–2.92, p = 0.013 for TT versus CC) than in obese subjects (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.61–1.66; p = 0.979; p-interaction = 0.048). Accordingly, TCF7L2-PV was higher in non-obese subjects. Additionally, we created obesity-specific GRS with ten T2D-polymorphisms and demonstrated for the first time their higher strata-specific PV. In conclusion, we provide strong evidence supporting the need for considering obesity when analyzing the TCF7L2 effects and propose the use of obesity-specific GRS for T2D.
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    Changes in plasma total saturated fatty acids and palmitic acid are related to pro-inflammatory molecule IL-6 concentrations after nutritional intervention for one year
    (2022) Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Hu, F.B. (Frank B.); Lopez-Sabater, M.C. (M. Carmen); Domínguez-López, I. (Inés); Tresserra-Rimbau, A. (Anna); Razquin, C. (Cristina); Ros, E. (Emilio); Casas, R. (Rosa); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (Rosa Maria); Arancibia-Riveros, C. (Camila)
    Systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Circulating fatty acids (FA) are known to be related to these conditions, possibly through their role in inflammation, although different types of FAs can have opposite effects on inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of plasma FAs with inflammatory biomarkers in a PREDIMED trial subsample after one year of intervention. In a one-year longitudinal study of 91 participants of the PREDIMED trial (Barcelona-Clinic center), plasma FAs and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using gas chromatography and ELISA, respectively. In baseline plasma, a multivariable-adjusted ordinary least squares regression model showed that n-3 polyunsaturated FAs concentrations were inversely associated with concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and E-selectin, whereas the level of the most abundant saturated FA, palmitic acid, was directly associated with concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (beta = 0.48 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93 per 1-SD increase, p-value = 0.037). After one year of nutritional intervention, changes of plasma diet-derived total saturated FAs and palmitic acid were directly associated with changes in IL6 (beta = 0.59 pg/mL [95% CI: 0.28, 0.89] per 1-SD, p-value = 0.001; beta = 0.64 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.98, p-value = 0.001), respectively, after correction for multiple testing. Our findings suggest that saturated FAs of dietary origin, especially palmitic acid, are directly involved in the increase of IL-6 in plasma.
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    American heart association's life simple 7 and the risk of atrial fibrillation in the PREDIMED study cohort
    (Elsevier, 2023) Babio, N. (Nancy); Castañer, O. (Olga); Portoles, O. (Olga); Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A. (Miguel Ángel); Fiol, M. (Miquel); Fito, M. (Montserrat); Diaz-Gutierrez, J. (Jesús); Gomez-Gracia, E. (Enrique); Toledo, E. (Estefanía); Lapetra, J. (José); Ros, E. (Emilio); Ruiz-Canela, M. (Miguel); Alonso, A. (Alvaro); Estruch, R. (Ramón); Serra-Majem, L. (Luis); Pinto, X. (Xavier); Salas-Salvado, J. (Jordi); Sorli, J.V. (Jose V.); Aros, F. (Fernando)
    Background and aims The American Heart Association proposed 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics (Life's Simple 7 [LS7]) namely, not smoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, healthy diet, moderate physical activity ≥150 min/week, total blood cholesterol <200 mg/dL, blood pressure <120/80 mmHg and fasting blood glucose <100 mg/dL. Our objective was to assess the association between these LS7 metrics and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results A total of 6,479 participants of the PREDIMED study were included. We calculated the participants’ baseline LS7 index ranging 0–7 points to categorize them according to their adherence to these LS7 health metrics. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate Hazard Ratios (HR) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, we identified 250 incident cases of AF. After adjusting for potential confounders, adherence to LS7 index was not associated with the incidence of AF (adjusted HR 0.90 [95% CI: 0.56–1.45] for highest vs. lowest LS7 categories). Body mass index <25 kg/m2 was the only health metric individually associated with a lower risk of AF (HR 0.36 [95% CI: 0.16–0.78]). Conclusions In a high cardiovascular risk Spanish population, adherence to American Heart Association's LS7 metrics was not associated with the risk of incident AF.