García-Unciti, M.S. (María Soledad)
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- Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women(2021) Lorente-Cebrian, S. (Silvia); Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. (María Jesús); Félix-Soriano, E. (Elisa); García-Unciti, M.S. (María Soledad); Gonzalez-Muniesa, P. (Pedro); Palacios-Samper, N. (Natalia); Cuervo, M. (Marta); Pérez-Chávez, A. (Adriana); Santos, J. (Javier); Cobo-Díez, M.J. (María José); Martínez-Gayo, A. (Alejandro); Goikoetxea-Galarza, I. (Iñaki)Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.
- Efecto de una intervención basada en dieta hipocalórica sola o combinada con entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el peso, la composición corporal y el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres obesas con hipercolesterolemia2(Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2015) García-Unciti, M.S. (María Soledad); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Ibáñez-Santos, J. (Javier); Santos, J. (Javier)A hypocaloric diet and regular physical exercise are recognized as effective non-pharmacological interventions to reduce body fat mass and mange cardiovascular disease. In this context, resistance training with or without a concomitant hypocaloric diet is gaining acceptance as a useful tool in weight reduction interventions and in cardiovascular disease therapy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of a weight loss diet (WL) with a caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day alone or combined with a 16 week supervised whole body progresive resistance training (RT) of two sessions/week (WL+RT), on weight, body composition, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, in thirty-four obese (BMI: 30¿40 kg/m2) women, aged 40¿60 year with hypercholesterolemia (CT >240 mg/dl). Moreover, we also evaluate the interaction of a higher protein vs. a lower protein diet, with or without a concomitant progressive resistance training program, on lipoprotein profile. The 16 weeks of intervention (WL and WL+RT groups) were accompanied by a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, abdominal fat and thigh subcutaneous fat, not significant differences being observed between both groups. Moreover, a significant loss in thigh muscle mass (measured by magnetic resonance) was observed only in the WL group. Of note, a weight-loss diet alone or combined with a RT program induced different regional changes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume distribution patterns. At the same time, changes in association patterns between variables of the glucose metabolism and lipid profile and the abdominal fat depots at different discal levels were observed from pre- to post- intervention. On the other hand, while the lipid profile showed no modification in the WL group, the hypercholesterolemic women of the WL+RT group experienced a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C. Summary up, in obese women a 16-week combined RT program and weight-loss diet were accompanied by significant improvements in cardiometabolic profile in spite of a significant decrease of circulating adiponectin. Finally, we found an interaction between the protein content of the energy-restricted diet and the resistance training on the circulating levels of LDL-C. When RT was combined with a lower protein- hypocaloric diet (< 22% of the daily calorie intake as protein) a greater effect was observed, whereas a higher daily protein intake (≥ 22% of the daily calorie intake as protein group) did not show any additional effect on lipid profile.
- Effect of Combining Impact-Aerobic and Strength Exercise, and Dietary Habits on Body Composition in Breast Cancer Survivors Treated with Aromatase Inhibitors(2023) Méndez-Sandoval, S. (Sofía); García-Unciti, M.S. (María Soledad); Palacios-Samper, N. (Natalia); Ibáñez-Santos, J. (Javier); Idoate, F. (Fernando)This study examines both the effect of a twice-weekly combined exercise-1 h session of strength and 1 h session of impact-aerobic-on body composition and dietary habits after one year of treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AI) in breast cancer survivors. Overall, forty-three postmenopausal women with a BMI ¿ 35 kg/m2, breast cancer survivors treated with AI, were randomized into two groups: a control group (CG) (n = 22) and a training group (IG) (n = 21). Body composition, i.e., abdominal, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue) was measured by magnetic resonance. In addition, some questionnaires were used to gather dietary data and to measure adherence to the Mediterranean diet. After one year, women in the IG showed a significant improvement in body composition, indicated by decreases in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, and total fat tissue. Furthermore, the dietary habits were compatible with moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and a low dietary intake of Ca, Zn, Folic Ac, and vitamins D, A, and E. A twice-weekly training program combining impact aerobic exercise and resistance exercise may be effective in improving the body composition for postmenopausal women who have breast cancer treated with AI, and the results suggest the need for nutritional counselling for this population.
- Effect of resistance training and hypocaloric diets with different protein content on body composition and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic obese women(Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral, 2012) Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Grijalba, A.M. (A. M.); García-Unciti, M.S. (María Soledad); Izquierdo, M. (Mikel); Santos, J. (Javier); Gorostiaga, E. (Esteban)Lifestyle changes such as following a hypocaloric diet and regular physical exercise are recognized as effective non-pharmacological interventions to reduce body fat mass and prevent cardiovascular disease risk factors. Purpose: To evaluate the interactions of a higher protein (HP) vs. a lower protein (LP) diet with or without a concomitant progressive resistance training program (RT) on body composition and lipoprotein profile in hypercholesterolemic obese women. Methods: Retrospective study derived from a 16-week randomized controlled-intervention clinical trial. Twentyfive sedentary, obese (BMI: 30-40 kg/m²) women, aged 40-60 with hypercholesterolemia were assigned to a 4-arm trial using a 2 x 2 factorial design (Diet x Exercise). Prescribed diets had the same calorie restriction (-500 kcal/day), and were categorized according to protein content as: lower protein (< 22% daily energy intake, LP) vs. higher protein (> 22% daily energy intake, HP). Exercise comparisons involved habitual activity (control) vs. a 16-week supervised whole-body resistance training program (RT), two sessions/wk. Results: A significant decrease in weight and waist circumference was observed in all groups. A significant decrease in LDL-C and Total-Cholesterol levels was observed only when a LP diet was combined with a RT program, the RT being the most determining factor. Interestingly, an interaction between diet and exercise was found concerning LDL-C values. Conclusion: In this study, resistance training plays a key role in improving LDL-C and Total-Cholesterol; however, a lower protein intake (< 22% of daily energy intake as proteins) was found to achieve a significantly greater reduction in LDL-C.