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    Transparency in citizen participation tools and public information: A comparative study of the Spanish city councils' websites
    (2017) Rebolledo-de-la-Calle, M. (Marta); Rodríguez-Virgili, J. (Jordi); Zamora-Medina, R. (Rocío)
    Communication is indispensable for institutions in regaining trust and credibility among citizens. In this context, transparency management and the promotion of citizen participation online are essential. After December 2015, when the Spanish transparency law 19/2013 was fully in force at the local level, all local municipalities were required to show all the public information on their websites published in a clear and understandable way. This requirement turns the Spanish local administrations into an interesting case study to assess efforts to improve their relationships with their citizens; hence this research aims to measure the Spanish transparency level on public information and participation. For that purpose, a set of indicators were used to analyze the content of those websites that corresponded to a representative sample of municipalities with 10,000 or more inhabitants (N=394). Findings pointed to a very low transparency level and major deficiencies related to online engagement with resources that are required by law.
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    Campaigning on Twitter: Towards the “Personal Style” Campaign to Activate the Political Engagement During the 2011 Spanish General Elections
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2014) Zurutuza-Muñoz, C. (Cristina); Zamora-Medina, R. (Rocío)
    Los políticos han adoptado y potenciado rápidamente los social media para conectar con los votantes. En concreto, Twitter ayuda a los candidatos a escuchar activamente a los ciudadanos a través de una conversación directa con ellos, y permite un estilo personal de campaña, con un discurso humanizado y alejado de lo institucional. Este artículo pretende conocer hasta qué punto se utilizó esta estrategia personal en la campaña de Twitter de los candidatos de los dos principales partidos a las elecciones generales de 2011 en España. Para ello se ha diseñado un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre 2.274 tweets publicados por las cuentas de ambos: @conRubalcaba y @marianorajoy.
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    Transparency, Accountability and Participation in Local Governments: A Comparative Study of Spanish Council Websites
    (Faculty of Political Science of the University of Zagreb., 2016) Rebolledo-de-la-Calle, M. (Marta); Rodríguez-Virgili, J. (Jordi); Zamora-Medina, R. (Rocío)
    Citizens’ disaffection with political institutions has resulted in an ever more pronounced distancing between the represented and their representative democratic institutions, with a commensurate increase in citizens’ initiatives aimed at obtaining a higher degree of participation in public life. The imbalance experienced by representative democracy in this respect accounts for the need to improve the way in which institutions communicate. This study aims to assess local communication in the regions of Murcia and Navarre by analysing the level of transparency of their institutional websites. The 41 indicators that underpin Mapa Infoparticip@ (www.mapainfoparticipa.com) in Spain are used to see what similarities and differences can be identified when applying the criteria of transparency and participation in these two single-province Autonomous Communities. The findings show a deficit in implementing norms of transparency. This fact affects the role these institutions play as sources of public information and citizen participation, and it appears in a clearer way in municipalities with a smaller population.
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    The importance of the ”strategic game” to frame the political discourse in Twitter during 2015 Spanish Regional Elections
    (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2017) Martínez-Martínez, H. (Helena); Sánchez-Cobarro, M. (Paloma del H.); Zamora-Medina, R. (Rocío)
    There is broad consensus on the idea that Twitter, an online communication tool for campaigning, is significantly impacting the interaction between political candidates and citizens (Parmelee & Bichard, 2011; Enli & Skogerbo, 2013; Kruikemeier et. al., 2013). Despite the importance of the strategic use of framing tweets on followers’ opinions, framing approach research applied to microblogging requires further investigation on national and local contexts. This research explores the extent to which candidates (at a local context) use Twitter as a tool for campaigning, in order to identify main frames that describe the strategic use of Twitter for online campaigning. Following framing scholars suggestions (Dimitrova & Strömbäck, 2012; Cappella & Jamieson, 1997; Patterson, 1993) and other recent contributions related to the use of framing in Twitter (Parmelee & Bichard, 2012; Zamora & Zurutuza, 2014; Naaman et. al, 2010; Vergeer et. al. 2013), this paper develops a quantitative approach using tweets content analysis to empirically test the strategic use of generic frames made by each…? Findings points to a different priority of each frame by considering that candidates mostly used two generic frames: `Me Now´/selfpromotion and political information source, to seek political engagement. Other generic frames, like media validation and personal frame, where less important. Conclusions show that the use of Twitter for campaigning is still replicating old patterns of broadcast media, instead of social media, based on a one-way communication model.