Prediction of effective humoral response to SARS‑CoV‑2 vaccines in healthy subjects by cortical thickness of post‑vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy

Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. (Alvaro); Igual-Rouilleault, A.C. (Alba Cristina); Soriano, I. (Ignacio); Quan, P.L. (Paola Leonor); Reina, G. (Gabriel); Pozo, J.L. (José Luis) del; Fernández-Ciriza, L. (Leire); Fernandez-Montero, A. (Alejandro); Pina, L. (Luis); Elizalde, A. (Arlette)

Keywords:

COVID-19 vaccines
Lymphadenopathy
Healthy volunteers

Issue Date:

2023

Note:

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Citation:

Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. (Alvaro); Igual-Rouilleault, A.C. (Alba Cristina); Soriano, I. (Ignacio); et al. "Prediction of effective humoral response to SARS‑CoV‑2 vaccines in healthy subjects by cortical thickness of post‑vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy". European Radiology. 33, 2023, 7178 - 7185

Abstract

Purpose To study the association between ultrasound cortical thickness in reactive post-vaccination lymph nodes and the elicited humoral response and to evaluate the performance of cortical thickness as a predictor of vaccine effectiveness in patients with and without a previous history of COVID-19 infection. Methods A total of 156 healthy volunteers were recruited and followed prospectively after receiving two COVID-19 vaccination doses using different protocols. Within a week after receiving the second dose, an axillary ultrasound of the ipsilateral vaccinated arm was performed, and serial post-vaccination serologic tests (PVST) were collected. Maximum cortical thickness was chosen as a nodal feature to analyze association with humoral immunity. Total antibodies quantified during consecutive PVST in previously-infected patients and in coronavirus-naïve volunteers were compared (Mann–Whitney U test). The association between hyperplastic-reactive lymph nodes and effective humoral response was studied (odds ratio). The performance of cortical thickness in detecting vaccination effectiveness was evaluated (area under the ROC curve). Results Significantly higher values for total antibodies were observed in volunteers with a previous history of COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001). The odds ratio associating immunized coronavirus-naïve volunteers after 90 and 180 days of the second dose with a cortical thickness ≥ 3 mm was statistically significant (95% CI 1.52–6.97 and 95% CI 1.47–7.29, respectively). The best AUC result was obtained comparing antibody secretion of coronavirus-naïve volunteers at 180 days (0.738). Conclusions Ultrasound cortical thickness of reactive lymph nodes in coronavirus-naïve patients may reflect antibody production and a long-term effective humoral response elicited by vaccination. Clinical relevance statement In coronavirus-naïve patients, ultrasound cortical thickness of post-vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy shows a positive association with protective antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2, especially in the long term, providing new insights into previous publications.

URI:

https://hdl.handle.net/10171/68382

Appears in Collections:

DA - CUN - Bioquímica clínica - Artículos de revista

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