Artículos de revista (ICS)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10171/70236
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- Excessive body weight in developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis(Elsevier, 2024) Rodríguez Romero, D. (Diana); Cortese, S. (Samuele); Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Magallon-Recalde, S. (Sara); Gambra, L. (Leyre); Gándara, C. (Carmen); Lizoain, P. (Pablo); Paiva, U. (Úrsula)Evidence on the link between developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and obesity and overweight is mixed. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42023429432), we conducted the first systematic review/meta-analysis on the association between DCD and excessive weight. Web of Science, PubMed and an institutional database aggregator were searched until the 18th of December 2023. We assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and study heterogeneity using Q and I2 statistics. Data from 22 studies were combined, comprising 11,330 individuals out of which 1861 had DCD. The main analysis showed a significant association between DCD and higher body weight (OR:1.87, 95 % CI =1.43, 2.44). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the relationship was mediated by age, with stronger effects in studies with higher mean age (p 0.004). We conclude that DCD is associated with obesity and overweight, and this association increases with age. Our study could help to implement targeted prevention and intervention measures.
- Displays of anger in Turkish political discourse: a hard choice between cultural norms and political performance of anger(Cambridge University Press, 2024) Akkaraca-Kose, M. (Melike); Breeze, R. (Ruth)This paper examines the influence of cultural display rules on how high-status individuals, such as political leaders, publicly express anger. Specifically, it focuses on Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who has been the Turkish leader since 2003. The study aims to understand the extent to which Erdoğan’s expression of anger is influenced by cultural display rules, the religious context stemming from his conservative electoral support, and his position as a long-term populist political leader. Using extended conceptual metaphor theory (ECMT) supported by corpus-assisted discourse analysis, the paper seeks to identify the contextual factors that shape anger expressions (both direct and metaphorical) in the political discourse of a populist leader in a collectivist culture. By comparing the conceptualization of ascribed anger and inscribed anger expressions, the analysis reveals that Erdoğan’s discourse presents two distinct scenarios for expressing anger toward ‘us’ and ‘others’. Additionally, it demonstrates how anger is strategically employed in culture-specific ways to navigate the challenges posed by conflicting contextual factors.
- The political economy of inequality, mobility and redistribution(Elsevier, 2024) Campomanes, I.P. (Ignacio)How does the interaction between inequality and social mobility affect the choice of fiscal policy? I analyze this question in a model of democratic politics with imperfect tax enforcement, where the ability of individuals to evade taxes limits the amount of redistribution in the economy. Social mobility creates an insurance motive that increases voluntary compliance, favoring the tax enforcement process. In such an environment, redistributive pressures brought about by an increase in inequality are only implementable in highly mobile societies. On the contrary, when mobility is low, higher inequality reduces tax rates and does not translate into higher redistribution. Descriptive evidence based on a sample of 71 countries for the period 1980–2015 shows correlations among inequality, mobility and redistribution in line with the predictions of the model.
- Prevalence of paid sex and associated factors among women and men attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a prospective cohort(Springer, 2024) Carlos-Chillerón, S. (Silvia); Burgueño, E. (Eduardo); Makonda, B. (Benit); Díaz-Herráez, P. (Paula); Irala, J. (Jokin) de; Reina, G. (Gabriel); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina); Beltramo, C. (Carlos)Paid sex is associated with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, which are highly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, few data exist on this sexual practice among the general population in SSA, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where data on paid sex mainly comes from sex workers. In the DRC, most HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) centers do not discuss paid sex as a risk factor. Thus, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of paid sex, its associated factors and association with HIV among women and men attending HIV VCT at a reference hospital in Kinshasa. From 2016 to 2018, the Observational Kinshasa AIDS Initiative cohort analyzed the impact of HIV VCT on changes in HIV knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behaviors at follow-up. Participants aged 15–69 years were HIV tested and interviewed at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. At baseline, participants were asked about their history of “ever” having had exchanged sex for money. At both follow-ups, the frequency of this practice was referred to as “the previous 6 months.” Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the prevalence of paid sex, its associated factors, and the association between paid sex and HIV. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata 15.1. Among 797 participants at baseline, 10% of those sexually experienced reported having ever had paid sex (18% men and 4% women, p<0.001). At 6 and 12-month follow-ups, 5% and 2%, respectively. Paid sex was signifcantly and independently associated with being male (aOR=2.7; 95% CI=1.4–5.2), working or studying (aOR=2.8; 95% CI=1.5–5.0), daily newspaper reading (aOR=4.4; 95% CI=1.7–11.2); daily/weekly alcohol consumption (aOR=3.3; 95% CI=1.8–6.1), frst sexual intercourse before age 15 years (aOR=2.3; 95% CI=1.1–5.0), multiple sexual partners (aOR=4.1; 95% CI=2.2–7.7), and extragenital sexual practices (aOR=2.4; 95% CI=1.3–4.4). A high religiosity (daily/weekly church attendance and praying) was inversely associated with paid sex (aOR=0.1; 95% CI=0.0–0.4). The high prevalence of paid sex among people attending HIV VCT in Kinshasa, associated with other sexual and consumption risk behaviors, highlights the need to include paid sex among the risk factors mentioned in HIV prevention counseling.
- Revised European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) recommended framework on palliative sedation: An international Delphi study(SAGE, 2024) Menten, J. (Johan); Mosoiu, D. (Daniela); Payne, S. (Sheila); Cardone, A. (Antonella); Cherny, N. (Nathan); Jaspers, B. (Birgit); Garralda, E. (Eduardo); Hasselaar, J. (Jeroen); Fainsinger, R. (Robin); Centeno, C. (Carlos); Csikos, A. (Agnes); Mercadante, S. (Sebastiano); Surges, S. M. (Séverine M.); Radbruch, L. (Lukas); Preston, N. (Nancy); Brunsch, H. (Holger); Apostolidis, K. (K.); Van-den-Block, L. (Lieve); Ling, J. (Julie)Background: The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) acknowledges palliative sedation as an important, broadly accepted intervention for patients with life-limiting disease experiencing refractory symptoms. The EAPC therefore developed 2009 a framework on palliative sedation. A revision was needed due to new evidence from literature, ongoing debate and criticism of methodology, terminology and applicability.Aim: To provide evidence- and consensus-based guidance on palliative sedation for healthcare professionals involved in end-of-life care, for medical associations and health policy decision-makers.Design: Revision between June 2020 and September 2022 of the 2009 framework using a literature update and a Delphi procedure.Setting: European.Participants: International experts on palliative sedation (identified through literature search and nomination by national palliative care associations) and a European patient organisation.Results: A framework with 42 statements for which high or very high level of consensus was reached. Terminology is defined more precisely with the terms suffering used to encompass distressing physical and psychological symptoms as well as existential suffering and refractory to describe the untreatable (healthcare professionals) and intolerable (patient) nature of the suffering. The principle of proportionality is introduced in the definition of palliative sedation. No specific period of remaining life expectancy is defined, based on the principles of refractoriness of suffering, proportionality and independent decision-making for hydration. Patient autonomy is emphasised. A stepwise pharmacological approach and a guidance on hydration decision-making are provided.Conclusions: This is the first framework on palliative sedation using a strict consensus methodology. It should serve as comprehensive and soundly developed information for healthcare professionals.
- How palliative care professionals develop coping competence through their career: a grounded theory.(2024) Centeno, C. (Carlos); Arantzamendi-Solabarrieta, M. (María); Belar, A. (Alazne); Sapeta, P. (Paula)ICS-ATLANTES Background: Palliative care professionals face emotional challenges when caring for patients with serious advanced diseases. Coping skills are essential for working in palliative care. Several types of coping strategies are mentioned in the literature as protective. However, little is known about how coping skills are developed throughout a professional career. Aim: To develop an explanatory model of coping for palliative care professionals throughout their professional career. Design: A grounded theory study. Two researchers conducted constant comparative analysis of interviews. Setting/participants: Palliative care nurses and physicians across nine services from Spain and Portugal (n = 21). Theoretical sampling included professionals who had not continued working in palliative care. Results: Professionals develop their coping mechanisms in an iterative five-stage process. Although these are successive stages, each one can be revisited later. First: commencing with a very positive outlook and emotion, characterized by contention. Second: recognizing one¿s own vulnerability and experiencing the need to disconnect. Third: proactively managing emotions with the support of workmates. Fourth: cultivating an integrative approach to care and understanding one¿s own limitations. Fifth: grounding, care on inner balance and a transcendent perspective. This is a transformative process in which clinical cases, teamwork, and selfcare are key factors. Through this process, the sensations of feeling overwhelmed can be reversed because the professional has come to understand how to care for themselves. Conclusions: The explicative model presents a pathway for personal and professional growth, by accumulating strategies that modulate emotional responses and encourage an ongoing passion for work.
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for being involved in intimate partner violence and sexual violence: a systematic review and meta-analysis(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Cortese, S. (Samuele); Arrondo, G. (Gonzalo); Magallon-Recalde, S. (Sara); Osorio, A. (Alfonso); Lopez-del-Burgo, C. (Cristina)Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) are significant problems world-wide, and they affect women disproportionally. Whether individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk of being involved in these types of violence is unclear. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42022348165) of the associations between ADHD and being the victim or perpetrator of IPV and SV. Ratios of occurrence of violence were pooled in random-effects models and study risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A search on multiple databases, carried out on 7 October 2022, yielded 14 eligible studies (1 111 557 individuals). Analyses showed a higher risk of ADHD individuals being involved in IPV as perpetrators (six studies, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.51-4.15) or victims (four studies, OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.06-3.0). Likewise, individuals with ADHD were at increased risk of being perpetrators (three studies, OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.35-5.51) or victims of SV (six studies, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.51-2.24). Results were overall robust to different analytical choices. Conclusions: Individuals with ADHD are at an increased risk of being involved in cases of violence, namely IPV and SV, either as victims or perpetrators. Although the causal path or mediating variables for these results are still unclear, this increased risk should inform evidence-based psychoeducation with individuals with ADHD, their families, and partners about romantic relationships and sexuality.
- El ideal de tolerancia religiosa en la España ilustrada(2023) Domínguez-Fernández, J.P. (Juan Pablo)En la España del siglo XVIII, la labor de la Inquisición y la ausencia de minorías religiosas contuvieron la difusión de la idea ilustrada de tolerancia. No obstante, las críticas de escritores y políticos hispanos a la Inquisición y a las expulsiones de judíos y moriscos, la actitud de la prensa de Madrid ante los edictos de tolerancia de otras naciones europeas, los escritos de españoles exiliados en la Francia revolucionaria y las traducciones al castellano de textos favorables a la tolerancia evidencian que esa idea no fue tan ignorada al sur de los Pirineos como suele decirse.
- Biological functions are causes, not effects: A critique of selected effects theories(Elsevier, 2024) Deacon, T. (Terrence); García-Valdecasas, M. (Miguel)The theory of Selected Effects (SE) is currently the most widely accepted etiological account of function in biology. It argues that the function of any trait is the effect that past traits of that type produced that contributed to its current existence. Its proper or etiological function is whatever effect was favoured by natural selection irrespective of the trait’s current effects. By defining function with respect to the effects of natural selection, the theory claims to eschew the problem of backwards causality and to ground functional normativity on differential reproduction or differential persistence. Traditionally, many have criticised the theory for its inability to envisage any function talk outside selective reproduction, for failing to account for the introduction of new functions, and for treating function as epiphenomenal. This article unveils four additional critiques of the SE theory that highlight the source of its critical problems. These critiques follow from the fact that natural selection is not a form of work, but a passive filter that merely blocks or permits prior functioning traits to be reproduced. Natural selection necessarily assumes the causal efficacy of prior organism work to produce the excess functional traits and offspring from which only the best fitted will be preserved. This leads to four new incapacities of the SE theory, which will be here analysed: (i) it provides no criterion for determining what distinguishes a proper from an incidental function; (ii) it cannot distinguish between neutral, incidental, and malfunctioning traits, thus treating organism benefit as irrelevant; (iii) it fails to account for the physical work that makes persistence and reproduction possible, and (iv) in so doing, it falls into a vicious regress. We conclude by suggesting that, inspired by Mills and Beatty’s propensity interpretation, the aporia of backward causation implicit in anticipatory accounts of function can also be avoided by a dispositional approach that defines function in terms of work that synchronously counters the ubiquitous tendency for organism entropy to increase in the context of far-fromequilibrium thermodynamics.
- The state of transience, and its influence on the wish to die of advanced disease patients: insights from a qualitative phenomenological study(BioMed Central, 2024) Santesteban, Y. (Yolanda); Saralegui, I. (Iñaki); Centeno, C. (Carlos); Arantzamendi-Solabarrieta, M. (María); Alonso, N. (Nerea); Larkin, P. (Phil); Belar, A. (Alazne); Martínez, M. (Marina)Background: The experience of Wish to Die is common in patients living with Advanced Disease. It has been studied worldwide and qualitative studies have contributed to the understanding of the complexity of the phenomenon of the WTD but a deeper understanding on the individual's views is still needed. The objective of this study was to identify common characteristics of the experience of wish to die in advanced disease. Methods: A phenomenological study was carried out with multicenter participation of patients with advanced disease who had expressed their wish to die to health professionals. Semi-structured interviews were employed to obtain an in-depth perspective of each patient's lived experience. A phenomenological analysis of the data collected was performed to describe and explore the characteristic aspects of the phenomenon under study. Results: Fourteen patients with advanced disease were interviewed. Most of them had cancer. In the analysis of the patients' accounts of their experiences, three common characteristics were identified: a) experiencing a state of transience; b) the attempt to reconnect with oneself; and c) additional disease-related aspects that influence the wish to die. Patients expressed the need for a safe space to address the wish to die and the importance of receiving care that considers both 'being' and 'doing'. Conclusions: Patients with advanced disease and wish to die experience a state of transience where the patient lives and ephemeral state of existence. Interventions focused on reinforcing the intrinsic value of the individual emerge as essential components of a compassionate accompaniment of those facing the wish to die.